North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *kora

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ MM [k] ~ LL [e]

Meaning: to be absent; to be lacking

Juǀʼhoan : kòàrà // kòàrà-sí (n5 -si) "death, place of someone's death"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): kwara

ǀǀAuǀǀen : kora ~ koara ~ kwara

!Kung (Doke): kwara

!Kung (Vedder): kòra

!O!Kung (Bleek) : kula

!O!Kung (Snyman): kula

Kavango : kórá

Ekoka : kwàlà

References : Bleek 100, 105, 111; Dickens 229; Heikkinen 1986; KH 133; Snyman 42; Snyman 1980: 42.

RefLex number: 789

Proto-Ju: *kori

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ XL [e]

Meaning: to herd (animals), look after (animals)

Juǀʼhoan : kùrì

Ekoka : kȍʰlè

References : Dickens 231.

RefLex number: 828

Proto-Ju: *ku

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [k]

Meaning: milk; breast

Juǀʼhoan : kù (n5 -si) // kù-sì-číá (n5 -si) "bra, brassiere"; kù-cʼí (n5 -si) "nipple"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ku

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ku

!Kung (Lloyd) : kú ~ kúː ~ gú

!Kung (Doke): kuː

!Kung (Vedder): gúː

!Kung (Weich): kuú cʼi "teat, nipple"

!O!Kung (Bleek) : kú

!O!Kung (Snyman): kūù

Kavango : kùű "nipples" // kù "milk"

Tsumkwe : kù

Tsintsabis : kù

Okongo : kū

Leeunes : kù

Mpunguvlei : kù

Cuito : kùú

Cuando : kùú

South Omatako : kùu

North Omatako : kù

Kameeldoring : kùu

Lister : kù

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): gu. Passarge (!Kung): akú.

References : Bleek 8, 50, 103; Dickens 230; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 18; Snyman 1980: 7; Snyman 1997: 53; Weich 38.

RefLex number: 819

Proto-Ju: *ku

Tonal pattern: LH [k] ~ XL [e]

Meaning: footpath

Kavango : kùű "road, path"

Ekoka : kȕhù "path, road"

Mpunguvlei : kūù

Cuito : kūù

South Omatako : kuù

References : Heikkinen 1986; KH 133; Snyman 1997: 79.

RefLex number: 3101

Proto-Ju: *kuʔu

Tonal pattern: LH [j] ~ MH [k]

Meaning: to burn (tr.)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : kùʔú

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): kuʔu

ǀǀAuǀǀen : kou ~ kau ~ gu

!Kung (Lloyd) : kúù ~ kŭ-ù ~ kŏú ~ kóŭ̀

!Kung (Doke): +kuʔu

!Kung (Vedder): gʔuː "to roast"

!Kung (Weich): kuʔu

Kavango : kúʔű

References : Bleek 49, 83, 102, 108; Dickens 231; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 26; Weich 38.

RefLex number: 831

Proto-Ju: *kubi

Tonal pattern: XX [k] ~ LL [e]

Meaning: to start

Kavango : kȕbȉ

Ekoka : kùbì

References : Heikkinen 1986; KH 133.

RefLex number: 3069

Proto-Ju: *kui

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to play

Juǀʼhoan : kúí // kúí (n5 -si) "game, playing, play"; kúí-sí (n5 -si) "playground"; kúí-čí-á (n5 -si) "toy"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): kwi

ǀǀAuǀǀen : kʰwí

References : Bleek 90; Dickens 230; Snyman 24.

RefLex number: 822

Proto-Ju: *kuri

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: year

Juǀʼhoan : kúrí (n5 -si) // kúrí-hà "long ago, in the past"; (?) kúríha-kúrí "in praise of lions or rain"; kúrí-sì "early morning"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : kuri

!Kung (Vedder): gùri

!Kung (Wilhelm): gŭri

!O!Kung (Bleek) : kuri

References : Bleek 51, 107; Dickens 231.

RefLex number: 827

Proto-Ju: *kuru

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ HH [k] ~ HH [e]

Meaning: to make, create

Juǀʼhoan : kúrú "to make, create, fix, initiate someone as a healer; (?) to menstruate for the first time" // kúrú-xʼàò (n1 -si) "artisan"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): kuru

ǀǀAuǀǀen : kuru

!Kung (Lloyd) : kùru

!Kung (Doke): kuːru

!Kung (Vedder): guru

!Kung (Weich): kulu

!O!Kung (Snyman): kúlú

Kavango : kűrű

Ekoka : kúlú

References : Bleek 52, 107; Dickens 231; Heikkinen 1986; KH 133; Snyman 18; Snyman 1980: 44; Weich 37.

RefLex number: 829

Proto-Ju: *m

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ XX [e]

Meaning: we (incl.)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : m̀ ~ m̀-!á (pl.) // m̀-cá (du.)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): m ~ m-!a

!Kung (Lloyd) : hm // m̄-sa ~ m sa "we two"

!O!Kung (Snyman): m!a ~ m

Ekoka : m̏-hm̀

Tsumkwe : m-!á

Tsintsabis : m-!ó

Okongo : m-!áo

Leeunes : m̀h̃ḿ ~ m-!ó

Mpunguvlei : mwi-še ~ m̀-!ó

Cuito : m̀ǀʼm̰m

Cuando : m̄m̀ ~ m̀h̃ḿ

South Omatako : m̀-!áo

North Omatako : m̀-!á

Kameeldoring : m̀ḿ

Lister : m-!á

References : Bleek 62, 138; Dickens 234; KH 45; Snyman 86; Snyman 1980: 54; Snyman 1997: 56.

RefLex number: 869

Proto-Ju: *m (?)

Meaning: interrogative particle

!O!Kung (Bleek) : m-ǯu "who?" // m-pai "what?"

Ekoka : m̄-čá "what?" // m̄-čē á "what?, why?"; m̄-tíšè "which?"; m̄-ǯē, m̄-ǯōē "who?"

References : Bleek 138; KH 45.

RefLex number: 2863

Proto-Ju: *ma

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: one (possd. pron.)

Juǀʼhoan : mà // pl. mà-sì; mà-nì-sì "self (emph.)"

Ekoka : má "topic marker"

Notes : Cf. also Juǀhoan mà-nìsì, Kavango ma̋-nì, Ekoka mā̃-ní, mā̃ní-ɳǀǀà "-self (emph.)"; !Kung (Ll.) mannissiń "to do a thing of oneself".

References : Bleek 135; Dickens 234; Heikkinen 1986; KH 44, 45.

RefLex number: 871

Proto-Ju: *ma

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [e]

Meaning: little one, child, offspring; dim. suffix

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : mà (n1) // pl. mʰí-sì ~ m̏ʰ-sì; -mà (dim. suf.)

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ma

!Kung (Lloyd) : mắ ~ mmắ

!Kung (Doke): māː

!Kung (Vedder): mã // pl. me

!O!Kung (Bleek) : mà // pl. me

Ekoka : mà // pl. m̏ʰè (1/3)

References : Bleek 132-133, 136; Dickens 234, 235; KH 44.

RefLex number: 874

Proto-Ju: *mãẽˤ

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: plant whose leaves are poisonous, but whose fruit is edible; gifblaar, Dichapetalum cymosum

Juǀʼhoan : mãẽ̀ˤ

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): maẽˤ

!Kung (Lloyd) : máiya "a certain plant of which the fruit is eaten" (?)

References : Bleek 133; Dickens 234; Snyman 31.

RefLex number: 882

Proto-Ju: *maˤ

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ XX [e]

Meaning: wind

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : màˤ "to blow" // (n5 -si) "wind"; (n2) "duiker (praise name)"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): maˤa "to blow (wind)"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : mà "to blow"

!Kung (Lloyd) : máˤ ~ má "to blow"

!Kung (Weich): maˤ

!O!Kung (Bleek) : mà "to blow"

Kavango : mȁˤ "to blow"

Ekoka : mȁˤ "to blow"

Tsumkwe : màˤ

Tsintsabis : màˤ

Okongo : màˤ

Mpunguvlei : màˤ

Cuito : màˤ

Cuando : màˤ

South Omatako : màˤ

North Omatako : màˤ

Kameeldoring : màˤ

References : Bleek 132; Dickens 234; Heikkinen 1986; KH 45; Snyman 19; Snyman 1997: 55; Weich 43.

RefLex number: 881

Proto-Ju: *maˤʔa

Tonal pattern: LH [j] ~ LH [k] ~ XL [e]

Meaning: to carry (a child on the back)

Juǀʼhoan : màˤʔá // màˤʔá tàmà "miscarry"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): maˤʔa

ǀǀAuǀǀen : maˤ ~ màˤː // màˤːa "to bear, give birth to, lay" (?)

!Kung (Lloyd) : maː ~ máˤ

!Kung (Vedder): mãː

!Kung (Weich): ma maʔa "carry child on back"

!O!Kung (Bleek) : mamá

Kavango : (mȁ)màˤá

Ekoka : màˤā ~ mȁmàh

Tsumkwe : māˤʔá

Tsintsabis : màˤʔà

Okongo : màˤʔà

Leeunes : màˤʔà

Mpunguvlei : màˤʔá

Cuito : màˤmáˤ

Cuando : màˤmáˤ

South Omatako : màˤʔá

North Omatako : màˤʔá

Kameeldoring : màˤʔá

Lister : màˤʔá

References : Bleek 132, 133, 134; Dickens 234; Heikkinen 1986; KH 45; Snyman 25; Snyman 1997: 56; Weich 42.

RefLex number: 883

Proto-Ju: *maˤni

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to speak a language which does not have click sounds

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : màˤnì

Ekoka : mànnà !ʰòbà "speak a European language"

Tsumkwe : mànì

Tsintsabis : mànà

Okongo : mànà

Leeunes : nàmà

Mpunguvlei : mànà

South Omatako : nama

Kameeldoring : mànà

Lister : mànì

References : Dickens 234; KH 45; Snyman 1997: 56.

RefLex number: 884

Proto-Ju: *mani

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to spark (of fire or electricity)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : mání

References : Dickens 234.

RefLex number: 880

Proto-Ju: *mˤʔm

Tonal pattern: LH [j] ~ XL [e]

Meaning: to suckle

Juǀʼhoan : m̀ˤʔḿ

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): mˤʔm

Kavango : m̏ˤ

Ekoka : m̏m̀ˤ

Tsumkwe : m̀ˤʔḿ

Tsintsabis : ʔḿˤʔḿ

Okongo : ʔḿˤʔḿ

Leeunes : m̀ˤʔḿ

Mpunguvlei : m̀ˤʔḿ

Cuito : m̀ˤʔḿ

Cuando : ḿḿˤ ~ ʔm̀ˤhḿˤ

South Omatako : m̀ˤʔḿ

North Omatako : m̀ˤʔḿ

Kameeldoring : m̀ˤḿ

Lister : m̀ˤʔḿ

References : Dickens 235; Heikkinen 1986; KH 45; Snyman 47; Snyman 1997: 56.

RefLex number: 894

Proto-Ju: *mʰĩã

Tonal pattern: HL [j] ~ HL [e]

Meaning: to pout (esp. of one who is about to cry), sulk

Juǀʼhoan : mʰĩ́ã̀

Kavango : mĩĩ "to mourn"

Ekoka : mĩ́ʔŋ̄ŋ̀ "to mourn, show sorrow"

References : Dickens 235; Heikkinen 1986; KH 45.

RefLex number: 891