North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *šom

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: bee; to buzz

Juǀʼhoan : šòm "humming, buzzing" // zó=šòm

Nogau : šúm ~ so=šum ~ šŭm-si

Kavango : sóm̋ "honey-making insects" (E)

References : Bleek 183; Dickens 192, 286; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 87

Proto-Ju: *šom

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: genital organ (of either sex)

Juǀʼhoan : šóm // šóm-ɳ!ù ~ šóm-!ó (n5 -si) "testicle"; šóm-!ó-ɳǀóá (n5) "scrotum"

Tsumkwe : šoḿ-!ó

Tsintsabis : šóm-!ó

Okongo : šóm-!ó

Leeunes : šóm-!ó

Mpunguvlei : šóm-!ó

Cuito : šóm-!ó

Cuando : šúm-!ò

South Omatako : šúm-!òˤ

North Omatako : šúm-!ò

References : Dickens 192; Snyman 1997: 75.

RefLex number: 88

Proto-Ju: *šom

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to rest

Juǀʼhoan : šóm-šòm // šóm-šòm-ǀǀxʼáé "equip, be equipped, be dressed"

References : Dickens 192.

RefLex number: 89

Proto-Ju: *šora

Meaning: to rustle (of leaves)

Mpunguvlei : šòalà

Cuito : súlá

Cuando : šola, šúlá, tsólá, sólá, šúlá

References : Snyman 1997: 75.

RefLex number: 3108

Proto-Ju: *šore₁

Tonal pattern: HL [j] ~ HM [k] ~ HL [e]

Meaning: smoke

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : šórà (n5 -si) // šòrò (n3) "tobacco, snuff"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): šoro "tobacco"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : šore ~ šori

Nogau : šoli ~ šoro "tobacco"

!Kung (Lloyd) : šŏ́rre ~ šure

!Kung (Doke): šoːḷi

!Kung (Vedder): šòrè

!O!Kung (Bleek) : čule ~ čuli "tobacco"

Kavango : sűré

Ekoka : šúlè

Notes : Auslaut vocalism correspondences are irregular (dialectal variation or indicative of independent borrowing from an extraneous source).

References : Bleek 181-182, 237; Dickens 192; Heikkinen 1986; KH 128; Snyman 48.

RefLex number: 91

Proto-Ju: *šoro

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: to surround

Juǀʼhoan : šȍrȍ

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): šoro

References : Dickens 192; Snyman 45.

RefLex number: 93

Proto-Ju: *šu

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ HH [k] ~ HH [e] ~ HH [Sn.]

Meaning: to lie down

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : šú // šú-á "to lie on, lie in"; šú-á ɡ!ȍmː "to be celibate"; šú-á ǀʔàrè "to dream"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : šu

!Kung (Lloyd) : šu ~ šū ~ šù

!Kung (Doke): šuː

!Kung (Vedder): šuː

!Kung (Weich): šú

!O!Kung (Bleek) : šu

Kavango : sű

Ekoka : šú

Tsumkwe : šú

Tsintsabis : šú

Okongo : šú

Leeunes : šú

Mpunguvlei : šú

Cuito : čʰú

Cuando : čʰú

South Omatako : šʰú

North Omatako : šʰú

Kameeldoring : šʰú

Lister : sú

References : Dickens 192; Heikkinen 1986; KH 128; Snyman 1997: 75; Weich 6.

RefLex number: 95

Proto-Ju: *šu

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ HH [e]

Meaning: to walk along (pl. action)

Juǀʼhoan : šú

Ekoka : šú-á "do while going"

References : Dickens 192; KH 128.

RefLex number: 96

Proto-Ju: *šua

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to fall (of rain)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : šùà

References : Dickens 193.

RefLex number: 97

Proto-Ju: *šui

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: light; easy

Juǀʼhoan : šùì "to be light; to give birth"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): šwi

Nogau : šúi "easy"

!Kung (Lloyd) : šwĭ "to be light, calm"

!Kung (Doke): šwi "to be light"

!Kung (Vedder): šúi "light"

!Kung (Wilhelm): šui "to be weak"

!Kung (Weich): šui

!O!Kung (Snyman): šùi

References : Bleek 182; Dickens 193; Snyman 45; Snyman 1980: 7; Weich 6.

RefLex number: 99

Proto-Ju: *šui

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: swelling (when head is bumped)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : šùì (n5 -si) "bump (caused by a blow)"

Tsumkwe : šùi

Tsintsabis : šùí

Okongo : šùí

Leeunes : šùí

Mpunguvlei : sùí

Cuito : šùí

Cuando : šùí

North Omatako : šʰùí

Lister : šùi

References : Dickens 193; Snyman 1997: 74.

RefLex number: 100

Proto-Ju: *šũkuri

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: dream, to dream

Juǀʼhoan : šṹkúrí

ǀǀAuǀǀen : šuŋkuri "dreams"

References : Bleek 183; Dickens 193.

RefLex number: 101

Proto-Ju: *ta

Tonal pattern: HL [j]

Meaning: alone, by oneself, apart, just, indeed

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : táà ~ tíà

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ta

ǀǀAuǀǀen : tía (?)

!Kung (Lloyd) : tanki "another, different" (?)

!O!Kung (Snyman): tá

Ekoka : tã́ "indeed" // tíyà "be different" (?)

Tsumkwe : tàa

Tsintsabis : tàa

Okongo : tàa

Leeunes : tàa

Mpunguvlei : tàa

Cuito : tàa

Cuando : tàa

South Omatako : tàa

North Omatako : tàa

Kameeldoring : tàa

Lister : tìyà

References : Bleek 192, 202; Dickens 265, 271; KH 63, 69; Snyman 38; Snyman 1980: 32; Snyman 1997: 65.

RefLex number: 1417

Proto-Ju: *ta

Tonal pattern: L [j]

Meaning: and, but

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : tè "and, but" // (?) "complement placed after the subject of a complement clause"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ta "but, because" // (?) tem "then, so"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ta "and, so, but, for" // da "then, so"

!Kung (Vedder): te "and"

!Kung (Wilhelm): ta "and"

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ta "and, but, when"

Kavango : tà

Ekoka : tà // tà-kā "and"; tà ōā "in order to, so that"

Notes : Unclear e in some !Kung forms.

References : Bleek 19, 185-186; Dickens 270; Heikkinen 1986; KH 62.

RefLex number: 1512

Proto-Ju: *tã ~ *tãˤ

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ HH [e]

Meaning: container, bucket

Juǀʼhoan : tã́ (n5 -si)

!Kung (Lloyd) : tã̀ "dish, pot"

Kavango : tãˤ́

Ekoka : tãˤ̄ ~ tã̄ (4)

Tsumkwe : tã

Tsintsabis : tã

Leeunes : tã

Mpunguvlei : tã̀ˤ

Cuito : tã

Cuando : tāˤ

South Omatako : tāˤ

North Omatako : tāˤ

Kameeldoring : tāˤ

References : Bleek 186; Dickens 265; Heikkinen 1986; KH 63; Snyman 1997: 65.

RefLex number: 1430

Proto-Ju: *taʔm

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [k] ~ ML [e]

Meaning: to feel (like)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : tàʔm // (n5 -si) "taste, flavour, sound, feel (texture)"; tàʔmá "be like, taste like, feel like"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : tam "like this, so many"

!Kung (Lloyd) : taḿma "like this"

Kavango : tàʔm̀

Ekoka : tāʔm̀ ~ tàʔm̀ // tāʔm̀-ǂōā "taste like"

References : Bleek 190; Dickens 267; Heikkinen 1986; KH 64.

RefLex number: 1456

Proto-Ju: *tããʰ

Tonal pattern: XL [j] ~ XL [e]

Meaning: to win, beat, conquer, be unable

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : tã̏ã̀ʰ

!Kung (Doke): dãː

!Kung (Vedder): dâː

Ekoka : tȁhã̀

Tsumkwe : tã̄à

Tsintsabis : tã̄à

Okongo : tã̄à

Leeunes : tã̄à

Mpunguvlei : tã̄à

Cuito : tã̄à

South Omatako : tã̄á

North Omatako : tã̄á

Kameeldoring : tã̄á

Lister : tã̄á

References : Bleek 19; Dickens 265; KH 62; Snyman 1997: 65.

RefLex number: 1418

Proto-Ju: *tabaʰ

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: to answer, turn around, go back, turn (a page)

Juǀʼhoan : tȁbȁʰ

!Kung (Doke): tāuā "to turn round"

!Kung (Wilhelm): tắbaː "to turn, change"

!O!Kung (Snyman): tʰàbà "answer"

Kavango : tȁbȁ "to turn around"

Ekoka : tȁbȁ "to turn around"

References : Bleek 187, 195; Dickens 265; Heikkinen 1986; KH 63; Snyman 1980: 32.

RefLex number: 1419

Proto-Ju: *ta(b)uʰ

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to be slack (of rope)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : tȁùʰ

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): tʰeu

!O!Kung (Snyman): tābò

References : Dickens 267; Snyman 40; Snyman 1980: 6.

RefLex number: 1452

Proto-Ju: *taeˤ

Tonal pattern: XL [j] ~ XM [k] ~ XL [e]

Meaning: mother (of 2nd/3rd person)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : tȁèˤ (n1 -sĩ) // taèˤà-kʰòè kò " be in a mother-child relationship with each other"; taèˤ-ɡǂòà-ɡǂòà-hà (ha -si) ~ tȁèˤ-ɡǀǀȁˤ (n1 -sĩ) "stepmother"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): taeˤ

ǀǀAuǀǀen : tai

!Kung (Lloyd) : táï

!Kung (Doke): tāé

!Kung (Vedder): dae

!Kung (Wilhelm): tai

!O!Kung (Bleek) : té

Kavango : (m̄) tȁèˤ, m̄ tȁēˤ

Ekoka : (m̄) tȁèˤ ~ m̄ tȁēˤ (1)

Tsumkwe : tā̰è

Tsintsabis : tāèˤ

Okongo : nāèˤ (?)

Leeunes : tāèˤ

South Omatako : tàéˤ

North Omatako : tàéˤ

Kameeldoring : tàéˤ

Lister : tàéˤ

Notes : Initial n- in Okongo unclear.

References : Bleek 20, 188, 196; Dickens 266; Heikkinen 1986; KH 63; Snyman 22; Snyman 1997: 65.

RefLex number: 1435