North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *xʼani

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to fit, suit; to be lucky

Juǀʼhoan : xʼànì

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): xʼeni

Kavango : xʼànű "be good enough"

References : Dickens 231; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 43.

RefLex number: 838

Proto-Ju: *xʼao

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [k] ~ LL [e]

Meaning: man

Juǀʼhoan : xʼàò (n1 -si) "owner, boss"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : xʼau

!Kung (Lloyd) : xʼau

!Kung (Vedder): xʼao

!O!Kung (Bleek) : xʼau

Kavango : xʼào "owner, master"

Ekoka : xʼàò "parents and relatives of a higher generation"

References : Dickens 231; Heikkinen 1986; KH 134.

RefLex number: 839

Proto-Ju: *xʼao

Tonal pattern: XX [k]

Meaning: dawn, dusk

!Kung (Weich): xʼao "twilight"

Kavango : xʼȁo "dawn"

References : Heikkinen 1986; Weich 38.

RefLex number: 3183

Proto-Ju: *xʼaru

Meaning: Adam's apple

Mpunguvlei : xʼʔàlù

Cuito : xʼʔàlù

Cuando : xʼʔàlù

References : Snyman 1997: 76.

RefLex number: 3107

Proto-Ju: *xʼãũ

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: red sky (at sunset or sunrise)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : xʼã̀ũ̀ (n4)

Tsumkwe : xʼã̀ũ

Tsintsabis : xʼàó

Okongo : xʼàó

Leeunes : xʼàó

Mpunguvlei : xʼàó

Cuito : xʼàó

Cuando : xʼàó

South Omatako : xʼã̀ũ

North Omatako : xʼã̀ũ

Kameeldoring : xʼã̀ũ

Lister : xʼã̀ũ

References : Dickens 232; Snyman 1997: 55.

RefLex number: 848

Proto-Ju: *xʼo

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [k] ~ XX [e]

Meaning: pot

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : xʼò (n5 -si) // xʼò-cʼí (n5 -si) "lid of a pot"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): xʼo

ǀǀAuǀǀen : xʼo

!Kung (Lloyd) : xʼŏ́ ~ xʼɔː

!Kung (Weich): xʼo

!O!Kung (Bleek) : xʼɔ

Kavango : xʼò

Ekoka : xʼȍ

Tsumkwe : xʼò

Tsintsabis : xʼò

Okongo : xʼò

Leeunes : xʼò

Mpunguvlei : xʼò

Cuito : xʼò

Cuando : xʼò

South Omatako : xʼò

North Omatako : xʼò

Kameeldoring : xʼò

Lister : xʼò

References : Bleek 123; Dickens 232; Heikkinen 1986; KH 134; Snyman 72; Snyman 1997: 55; Weich 39.

RefLex number: 849

Proto-Ju: *xʼoa ~ *xʼõã

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ LL [k] ~ MM [e]

Meaning: to seek

Juǀʼhoan : xʼóá

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): xʼwa

ǀǀAuǀǀen : xʼoa "to seek food" // kwã"to seek"

!Kung (Doke): +xʼwã

!Kung (Weich): xʼoa u "view"

Kavango : xʼõ̀ã̀ "open one's eyes"

Ekoka : xʼȭã̄ "look at"

Tsumkwe : xʼóa

Tsintsabis : xʼóa

Okongo : xʼóa

Mpunguvlei : xʼõ̀ã "to look"

Cuito : xʼuà

Cuando : xʼòa

South Omatako : xʼõ̀ã

North Omatako : xʼòa

Kameeldoring : xʼòa

Lister : xʼòa

References : Bleek 109, 117, 124; Dickens 232; Heikkinen 1986; KH 134; Snyman 43; Snyman 1997: 55; Weich 39.

RefLex number: 851

Proto-Ju: *xʼoe

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to let; to leave alone

Juǀʼhoan : xʼòè

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): xʼwe "mind the way!"

!Kung (Lloyd) : xʼwé ~ xʼwe

!O!Kung (Snyman): xʼòe

Tsumkwe : xʼòe "make way!"

Tsintsabis : xʼòe "make way!"

Okongo : xʼoè "make way!"

Leeunes : xʼòe "make way!"

Mpunguvlei : xʼòe "make way!"

Cuito : xʼòe "make way!"

Cuando : xʼòe "make way!"

South Omatako : xʼòe "make way!"

North Omatako : xʼòe "make way!"

Kameeldoring : xʼòe "make way!"

Lister : kòeˤ "make way!"

References : Bleek 127; Dickens 232; Snyman 23; Snyman 1980: 43; Snyman 1997: 55.

RefLex number: 860

Proto-Ju: *xʼom[a]

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to break (pl. action)

Juǀʼhoan : xʼòmà

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): xʼoma

Kavango : xʼőm "cut (pl.)"

Ekoka : xʼūm

Mpunguvlei : xʼóm

Cuito : xʼóm

Cuando : xʼóm

References : Dickens 232; Heikkinen 1986; KH 134; Snyman 43; Snyman 1997: 75.

RefLex number: 855

Proto-Ju: *xʼũ

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [k]

Meaning: (to be) stingy

Juǀʼhoan : xʼũ̀ // xʼũ̀-sí (n5 -si) "stinginess"

!Kung (Lloyd) : xʼuŋ ~ xʼuŋ-a

!Kung (Weich): xʼũ

!O!Kung (Snyman): xʼũ̀

Kavango : xʼũ̀

Tsumkwe : xʼũ̀

Tsintsabis : xʼũ̀

Okongo : xʼũ̀

Leeunes : xʼũ̀

Mpunguvlei : xʼũ̀

Cuito : xʼũ̀

Cuando : xʼũ̀

South Omatako : xʼũ̀

North Omatako : xʼũ̀

Kameeldoring : xʼũ̀

Lister : xʼũ̀

References : Bleek 126; Dickens 233; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 1980: 51; Snyman 1997: 55; Weich 39.

RefLex number: 867

Proto-Ju: *xʼui

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to speak

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : kò=xʼúí // kòxʼúí (n5 -si) "speech, talking, word, language"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ko=xʼoi

ǀǀAuǀǀen : xʼwi ~ o=xʼwi

!Kung (Lloyd) : xʼwi ~ xʼwì ~ xʼwé ~ xʼwéï // oˤ=xʼwí ~ oˤ=xʼwì

!Kung (Doke): o=xʼwiː

!O!Kung (Bleek) : o=xʼwí ~ xʼwī́

!O!Kung (Snyman): ò=xʼói

Ekoka : ȍ=xʼúí

Notes : Used isolated as well as in compounds (*ko-xʼúí, lit. 'to say-speak', *o-xʼúí, first comp. unclear).

References : Bleek 128, 154; Dickens 229; KH 138; Snyman 22; Snyman 1980: 8.

RefLex number: 797

Proto-Ju: *xobo

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to thump, thud (of one's heart)

Juǀʼhoan : xòbò

Tsumkwe : xòbò

Tsintsabis : xòbò

Okongo : xòbò

Leeunes : xòbò

Mpunguvlei : xòm-xòm (?)

Cuito : xòm-xòm (?)

Cuando : xòm-xòm (?)

South Omatako : xòbò

North Omatako : xòbò

Kameeldoring : xòbò

Lister : xòbò

References : Dickens 283; Snyman 1997: 75.

RefLex number: 1706

Proto-Ju: *xõĩ

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: liquor

Juǀʼhoan : xṍĩ́ (n2)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): xõĩ

!Kung (Lloyd) : xũẽ̀ï

References : Bleek 262; Dickens 283; Snyman 31.

RefLex number: 1708

Proto-Ju: *xõĩ-a

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to grind (grain etc.)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : xõ̀ĩ̀-ã̀ // xõ̀ĩ̀-ɳ!ómá (n5 -si) "grindstone"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): xõĩ

ǀǀAuǀǀen : xãĩ

References : Bleek 255; Dickens 283; Snyman 31.

RefLex number: 1709

Proto-Ju: *xom

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: to giggle, stiffle laughter

Juǀʼhoan : xȍmm // xȍmm-xȍmm "gigglingly, stifling laughter"

References : Dickens 283.

RefLex number: 1710

Proto-Ju: *xom

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to dry one's hands with sand

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : xóm-xòm

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): xomxom

References : Dickens 283; Snyman 45.

RefLex number: 1711

Proto-Ju: *xoro

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to hang heavily (of fruit on branch)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : xòrò-xòrò

!O!Kung (Snyman): xòló-xòlò "be laden with fruit"

References : Dickens 283; Snyman 1980: 8.

RefLex number: 1713

Proto-Ju: *xuru

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: larynx, Adam's apple

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : xúrú (n5 -si)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): xuru

Tsumkwe : xúrú

Tsintsabis : xúrú

Okongo : xúrú

Leeunes : xúrú

Mpunguvlei : xúrú

Cuito : xúlú

Cuando : xóló ~ xóró

North Omatako : xùrù

Kameeldoring : xùrù

References : Dickens 283; Snyman 45; Snyman 1997: 76.

RefLex number: 1723

Proto-Ju: *ze

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ XL [e] ~ VAR [Sn]

Meaning: new

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : zé // zé-zè "anew, from the beginning; to start anew"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ze

ǀǀAuǀǀen : zé

Nogau : dise

!Kung (Doke): zeː

!Kung (Vedder): ʒèː

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ʒe

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǯèé

Ekoka : ǯȅhè

Tsumkwe : zé

Tsintsabis : ʒé

Okongo : ǯèé

Leeunes : ʒé

Mpunguvlei : ǯē

Cuito : ǯē

Cuando : ǯè ~ zè

South Omatako : zè

North Omatako : zé

Kameeldoring : zé

Lister : zé

Notes : The Ekoka form indicates breathy voice, but no breathiness is attested in the Juǀhoan form (could not, in fact, since breathiness only accompanies low-level tones).

References : Bleek 26, 31, 264; Dickens 286; KH 128; Snyman 44; Snyman 1980: 3; Snyman 1997: 77.

RefLex number: 1757

Proto-Ju: *ʒa

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to swear, insult

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : zá

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): za

!Kung (Lloyd) : ʒã̀ "to curse"

!Kung (Vedder): ʒaː "to curse"

Kavango : zá "revile"

References : Bleek 30; Dickens 285; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 17.

RefLex number: 1729