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South Khoisan (!Wi subgroup) etymology : Search within this database Total of 582 records 30 pages
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Back: 1 Forward: 1 20 \data\bush\xamet
Proto-!Wi : *ǂxom
Meaning : to devour
|Xam : ǂx`ŏḿm (Ll.)
Proto-!Wi : *ǂxu
Stems : *ǂxu-ĩ
Meaning : ulna
|Xam : ǂx`u̥ī̃ "inner bone of forearm, ulna" (Ll.)
Proto-!Wi : *ǂxu
Meaning : master
|Auni : ǂxū
Proto-!Wi : *ǂxU-a
Meaning : elephant
|Xam : ǂx`óä, emph. ǂx`óäkǝn (B.); ǂx`óä (Ll.)
//Ng : |xwā
#Khomani : ǂkxʔoa (Dk., Mg.)
//Kxau : |hau
References : Bleek 287, 367, 667, 680.Proto-!Wi : *ǂxui
Meaning : slowly
|Xam : ǂxwĭ́ǂxwĭ́rrī (Ll.)
Proto-!Wi : *ǂxũi
Meaning : bag of tobacco
|Xam : ǂx`wī̃ (Ll.)
Proto-!Wi : *ǂxui
Meaning : to bring up wind
|Xam : ǂxwī (Ll.)
Notes : Cf. *ǂkhwe "wind"?
Proto-!Wi : *ǂxuru
Meaning : veins
|Xam : ǂxuru (Ll.)
Proto-!Wi : *ǂ1 ʔa[i]
Meaning : to sing
//Ng : ǂkē-ki
#Khomani : ǂʔai-kje (Mg.), ǂkei-kje (Dk.)
|Auni : ǂā-di
Proto-!Wi : *ǂ1 ʔäń
Meaning : 1 to know 2 to think
|Xam : ǂeńn, ǂenńa 1 (B.); ǂẽ̄ 2 (B.); ǂĕn̄́n̄, ǂĕńnǂĕńn, ǂĕńnă, ǂĕn̄-nă, ǂăn̄́nă 1 (Ll.)
//Ng : ǂẽ 2
N|huki : ǂ`ĩ, ŋǂ`iĩ, ŋǂ`eẽ 2
#Khomani : ǂʔĩ "thoughts" (Mg.)
|Nusan : ǂan 1
Proto-!Wi : *ǂ1 ʔVrV (*ƛ-?)
Meaning : moon
|Xam : !kau!káuru, !ka!káuru, !ka!kárro (B.); !kau!kárro (Ll.)
//Ng : !korre, !kurru, turro
N|huki : ǂoro, ǂǝlu
#Khomani : ǂʔɔrɔ (Dk.)
//Kxau : ǂʔọ'rọ̄'
//Ku//e : tʔɔlo
//Xegwi (Batwa) : klolo; ƛolo (LH)
Notes : Batwa klolo and the Kxau and ||Ku||e forms represent an initial lateral ƛ-; whether this corresponds to the |Xam form is unclear.
Proto-!Wi : *ǂ1 a(u)
Meaning : earth, sand
|Xam : !(k)ãũ, !kãũ, !ãũ (B.); !kʔăũ (Ll.)
//Ng : !ʔãũ
N|huki : !ʔǝ̃õ, !ʔǝ̃ũ, ŋ̊!ʔǝ̃ũ
//Kxau : !ʔau, !ʔãũ, !ʔauṅ "earth, veld"
//Xegwi (Batwa) : ||kwālo "ground"
|Auni : !ãũ "dust"; !gʔa "ground" (?)
|Nusan : !oũ
References : Bleek 372, 374, 412, 441, 452, 491, 586, 592, 597, 637, 649; Meinhof 1929 : 185; NFn .Proto-!Wi : *ǂ1 ha-
Meaning : child
|Xam : !koá, !koã, !kwã̄, !kwã, !khwã̄, !khukǝn, pl. !áukǝn, !káukǝn (B.); !kūŋ , !kũ, !khwã̄, pl. !kaŭ́kǝn (Ll.)
//Kxau : !oṅ
Seroa : ǂhowa, pl. ǂhoaiku
//Xegwi (Batwa) : ||ale, pl. ||kolle
|Auni : -||ha, ||hasa, pl. =||ka, ||ka||kn; ||hãĩ, ||heĩ "baby"
|Haasi : ||ha=sa, ||uha=sa
Notes : The plural forms actually have a suppletive look to them. Cf. the differences in vocalism (|Xam !koa sg. - ![k]au- pl.), with no labialisation in the |Xam plural form; and the efflux opposition in ||Xegwi ||a- - ||ko- , |Auni ||ha - ||ka . Since, however, there is no external data to justify this opposition (not even in the Taa subgroup), the question will have to remain unresolved.
References : Bleek 372, 414, 430, 431, 437, 442, 447, 458, 516, 539, 540, 546, 566, 586, 627, 651.Proto-!Wi : *ǂ2 ʔãũ
Meaning : rib
|Xam : !āūŋ , pl. !ãũ!ãũ, !ãũṅ!äüŋ ṅ (B.); !ā̀ū̀ŋ , pl. !kãũ!kãũ (Ll.)
//Ng : ||ãũ
N|huki : ŋ̊ǂʔausi
Proto-!Wi : *ǂ2 (ʔ)U
Meaning : one
|Xam : !kwāï (B.); !oāí, !o̥ā́ï "alone" (B.); tʔ1 koai (Lich.); !kwāi, !kwʔāi (Ll.)
//Ng : ||koēnso, ||kwē, ||ʔwē
N|huki : ||ʔoe, ŋ̊||ʔoe
#Khomani : ||koe (Mg.)
//Kxau : ʔọẹ̄
//Ku//e : ||k"oa
Seroa : ||oai
//Xegwi (Batwa) : ||kā; !waa (LH)
|Auni : ǂũ, =ǂũ-u
|Haasi : ǂ=n kʔa "one alone"
Proto-!Wi : *ǂ2 a
Meaning : bone
|Xam : !kwá, !kòa (B.); !kwắ (Ll.)
//Xegwi (Batwa) : !kā; !a (LH)
Notes : ǂ2 is suggested by external comparison.
References : Bleek 401, 437, 457; LHa 98.Proto-!Wi : *ǂ2 an
Meaning : shadow
|Xam : !kạ́ńn, !ann (B.); !kʔạnn, !ʔạ́nn (Ll.)
//Ng : ||kwã, ||ʌháŋ
References : Bleek 337, 490.Proto-!Wi : *ǂ2 he-
Meaning : breast; milk
|Xam : !khweí, emph. !khweĭ́tǝn "breast", pl. !kwái!kwai (B.); !khwai (Ll.)
//Ng : ||kẽ̄, ||kē "breasts, udders"; ||kēgǝn, ||kēŋ "milk"
N|huki : ||hǝ̃ĩ, ||ǝ̃ĩ "breast"; ||hǝi-kje "milk"
//Ku//e : ||kwaŋ "milk"
|Auni : ||keĩsi "breast"
|Haasi : ǂgē "milk"
|Nusan : !koadden "milk"
Notes : It is unclear if the |Xam alternation !khwei/!k(h)wai is a genuine morphological alternation or completely fictitious. The other languages do seem to be reflecting an a -tinged (||kwaŋ , !koa-dden ) as well as an e -tinged (||keĩsi ) variant, but this is not decisive evidence.
References : Bleek 438, 460, 499, 567, 568, 570, 597, 632, 646, 679; NFn .Proto-!Wi : *ǂ2 k(x)ɔa
Stems : *ǂ2 k(x)ɔa-ĩ
Meaning : leg
|Xam : !kwá (B.); =!kwa (Ll.)
//Ng : !k"ūka, !kogǝn
//Kxau : ǂkxʔaro
//Ku//e : ||kwallaŋxu "lower legs"
|Auni : ||kãĩ
Khatia : ||kãĩja
References : Bleek 439, 457, 509, 551, 597, 667.Proto-!Wi : *ǂ2 o (*ǂ1 -)
Meaning : man, male
|Xam : !kõ "man" (?)
//Ng : !ko "man, husband"; !ō "man"
N|huki : ǂoo
#Khomani : ǂkō, ǂkōce (Mg.)
//Kxau : ǂọ̄
//Ku//e : tʔo
//Xegwi (Batwa) : ||ko; kwi-ƛʔoo (LH)
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Total of 582 records 30 pages
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