Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gad., Gig. χac̣:i id. The meaning "saliva" is due to contamination with PA *hac̣:i "saliva" q.v. (reflected in Cham. L.-Gakv. haṣ).
Comments: The correspondences are irregular, and the reconstruction not quite certain: Av. reflects *q:as-, but the regular Akhv. correspondence would be q:aš-. The most probable solution is to reconstruct *qas:- with an independent metathesis of the tenseness feature in Av. and Akhv.
Comments: Av. paradigm C (q:abčí-l,q:úrču-l). The simple stem is preserved only in And. (with an assimilation *-b- > -p-). All other languages reflect the derivate *q:abarča ( < *q:arba-ča). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Ratl. q:abača. Another PAA derivate is reflected in Av. q:abá-lu (-dul, q:abála-bi) 'women's outer garment', And. q:alabej ( < *q:aba-laj) 'a k. of outer garment', Cham. q:abala 'traditional women's garment').
Comments: Cf. also Kar. Anch., Tok. q:ale. Some Andian forms (Cham., And., Botl. q:al) may be borrowed from Avar. The word has also penetrated into Tsezian languages (Gin.,Inkh.,Tsez., Gunz., Bezht. qal "skin, bark") and Arch. (qal id.).
Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. χ:anχ:al 'rake, harrow'. A loan from Andian (Cham. or an unattested Tind. *χ:anχ:a) is Inkh. χanχa 'rake'. The reason for reconstructing PA *q:- (assimilated to χ:- in Cham. and God.) is not only Av. q:-, but also the common Andian compound *ƛ̣:iχ:ʷV-q:Vrχ:V 'rake' (q.v.), which is probably containing the present root in a distorted shape.
Comments: Av. q:abá can be a loanword from Nakh; however, the Bagv. word is probably genuine (-p- can not be explained otherwise). Av. (or Nakh) > And., Inkh. qaba 'jar'.
Meaning:1 to rake up 2 write 3 touch 4 scrape 5 to comb
Avar:q:ʷa- 1,2,3
Chadakolob:q:ʷa- 1,2,3
Andian language:q:e-l- 4
Tindi:qa- (qē-ʎa) 5
Karata:q:a-r- 4
Comments: Av. has labialized q:ʷ- (probably reflecting the former cluster *-wq-); Andian forms do not reflect labialization (most Andian forms meaning 'to write' are probably borrowed from Av.: cf. And. q:ʷar-di-, Cham. q:ʷa-d-, Gig. q:or-, Tind. q:ʷa- , Kar. q:ʷa-r-; in Av. besides q:ʷa-ze cf. also the frequentative q:ʷa-dar-). Cf. also Kar. Tok. q:a-ṭʷ- 'to scrape' (with an expressive suffix).
All the forms mentioned above reflect stem II *q:i- (Avar - with labialization - *q:ʷV-). The verbal stem I is not attested, but it is probably reflected in the derived form Tind. raq:an 'rake' ( < *r-aq:an ~ -o-).
Comments: Cf. also Av. lit., Chad. q:aħí-la-b 'blue'. For the Akhv. form cf. Botl. q:aj-šur 'blue, blueing (n.)'. Tind. or Cham. > Inkh. qajƛe 'blue, green'.
Comments: Av. paradigm C (q:atí-l,q:áta-l). In Kar. a compound (lit. "two handfuls"). Some Andian languages also have borrowings from Avar: Akhv. (Tseg., Tlan.) q:at, And. (quoted from Лексика 1971) q:ata 'handful, palm of hand'.
