Comments: Av. Chad. paradigm B or C (gen. ħoc̣ó-l). An old Andian loanword is Inkh. hãc̣c̣i 'pus, matter' (indicating a possibility of nasalisation in PA); the meaning 'pus' is probably a contamination of the loaned word and the genuine PTsKh *ʎãč̣i (*ʎamač̣i) "pus" q.v.
Comments: Av. paradigm B (ħamí-l,ħamú-l; but Chad. C: ħimí-l,ħúmi-l). Cf. also Kar. Anch. amaχ, Cham. Gig. hamaχi. Most of the Andian forms reflect a compound *hamV-roχi (in some cases, with reduction, *hamVχi) with an unclear second component (cf.,perhaps, Darg. emħe-ruq 'mule'?).
Comments: Av.-And. *hanč̣- (stem I), *č̣Vr- (stem II, reflected only in Av.). The common PA derivate is *hanč̣Vr ( ~ -o-) 'weed', cf., besides the above, also Akhv. Tseg. ʕanč̣ara-b žumi 'weed' (žumi 'grass'), Tlan. ʕanč̣ara-b, Kar. hanč̣ar, God. hanč̣ir. Avar has a more recent deverbative (with Anlaut reduction) č̣ar (gen. č̣ará-l), whence Arch. č̣ar id.
Note that in Tind. and Cham. the verb is actually a compound ('to do weeding'), not a simple verbal stem.
Meaning:1 nail 2 linchpin 3stick,wooden nail;hammer handle
Avar:ʕanḳʷá 1,2
Andian language:hanḳʷo/hamḳʷo 1
Akhvakh:ãḳʷa 3
Chamalal:hãḳa 1
Tindi:hanḳʷa 1
Karata:hanḳʷa 1
Botlikh:hanḳʷa 1
Bagvalal:hanḳʷa 1
Godoberi:hanḳʷa 1
Comments: Av. paradigm B ~ C (gen. ʕanḳʷá-dul). The Andian root was borrowed by some Tsezian languages: Inkh. ãḳʷa 'nail, wedge', Tsez. oḳo, Gin. aḳʷe 'nail'.
Comments: Most languages reflect stem I *hanq̇:- (~ -o-) with expressive suffixes *-ž-/*-č- (Av. q̇:eč,q̇:ečé-ze is contracted < *HVnq̇:e-č-; -ḳ- in Cham. is irregular, possibly a misspelling). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Tlan. aq̇:ač-, Kar. Tok. hinq̇:iš:- (with yet another expressive suffix, probably also present in a reduplicated form: God. q̇:inq̇:iš:i 'miser, greedy man').
Stem II *q̇:in- is reflected in And., Botl. and God. with the meaning 'greedy' (for the semantics cf. Russ. жажда - жадный et al.).
Comments: Av. paradigm B (loc. ruq̇:ó-b, pl. ruq̇:-zál; Chad. roq̇ó-l, ruq̇-žál). Cf. also Cham. Gig. hanq̇:u 'house', hanq̇:a-za '(house) floor'. Tind. > Inkh. hãq̇ʷa 'hut, dug-out'. Note that for Proto-Av.-And. we should reconstruct *hranq̇:ʷa with a *hr-cluster (cf. the same type of development in *himc̣:u (**hrimc̣:u) q.v.).
Comments: The stem belongs to -n-conjugation in Cham., Tind., Kar. and Bagv., but to the normal -0-conjugation elsewhere. Since it has no separate etymology, it may ultimately be an Ablaut variant of the stem *-iq̇- 'to know, hear' q.v.
