Comments: Av. paradigm B (pl. hec̣á-bi). Cf. also Cham. Gig. hinza. The same root can be discovered in a PA compound meaning "sledge hammer": *hinc̣o-q̇:ur (origin of the second part is unclear; -c̣- > -c̣:- in some forms as a result of assimilation) > Akhv. ĩc̣:aq̇:u, Cham. hĩc̣aq̇:ʷ (Gig. hinc̣aq̇:ur), Tind. hinc̣aq̇:ur ( > Inkh. hic̣aq̇ur); from some Andian source is borrowed (with distortion) Bezht. Tlad. ãzaḳ, Khosh. azaḳ id.
Meaning:1 bread 2 stuffed bread 3 small round bread
Avar:gurgá 3
Andian language:ingura 2
Akhvakh:ĩgʷara 1
Karata:hingor 1
Comments: Av. paradigm B (gen. gurgí-l). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Tlan. ingoro, Ratl. ungora 'bread'. Av. gurgá > Lak. gurga 'round bread'. In Av. the root may have been influenced by gurgína-b 'round' (q.v.), but the Andian parallels (with the specific correspondence Av. g- : PA *h-) show that this is a secondary coincidence.
Comments: The Av. form is reduced from *Hiḳu-da-/*Hiḳu-dija- (with a frequent adjectival suffix). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Tl. inḳa-ħe-da 'much', Kar. Arch. ħeḳa-m, Tok. hinḳ́a-ħa-b 'big'.
Comments: Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. inḳ:ʷa, Ratl. inḳ:ʷedi, Cham. Gig. heḳ:a-ča (with strange suffixation), God. Zib. hink:ʷa, Kar. Tok. herḳ:ʷad. Many modern forms go back to PA *hinḳ:ʷo-dV (with a dental suffix).
Comments: Av. muq̇ú- < *Humq̇:ú-. [On the other hand, the Avar word somewhat resembles Ing. boqqar 'crop, craw' - but the phonetic side of the Avar-Ingush comparison is problematic, and we prefer the Andian etymology].
Meaning:1 to settle (of liquids) 2 to strain, filter,press
Avar:c̣:u- 2
Andian language:c̣:ur-d- 2
Tindi:hec:- 1
Karata:erc̣:- 1
Godoberi:c:ur- 2
Comments: The PA stem I *Hirc̣:V- is intransitive, stem II *c̣:u(r)- - transitive. In Avar, besides c̣:u- 'to strain', cf. also c̣:a- 'to pull; to sip, to smoke' (and a frequentative form c̣:ac̣:á- id. = Chad. c̣uc̣ú- 'to suck') - which may be a contamination of this root and PA *c̣:a- 'to drink' q.v. Stem I is reflected in Av. as =ec̣:- 'to drip; be strained, filtered'.
The verbal root is the basis for several nominal derivates:
1) PA *Hirc̣:i 'whey' (*'settled, strained liquid'): Cham. eṣ (Gig. hec̣:i), Tind. hec:a, Kar. erc̣:e, Bagv. erc̣:, God. erc:i (not clear is the And. form Gerc̣:i - the first consonant is quite irregular);
2) *c̣:urV > Av. c̣:urá 'filter'.
Cf., perhaps, also Av. c̣:álḳ- 'to sift' (Chad. c̣aḳ-), c̣:alḳú 'sieve' (Chad. c̣áḳur), which may be a further derivate with a -ḳ-suffix (although there are phonetic problems with this hypothesis).
Comments: Attested only in Akhv., but having probable external parallels. The root should not be confused with North. Akhv. ʕẽmu, Tseg. ʕĩju (see PA *ʔimHV).
