Avar-Andian etymology : Query result

Protoform: *-ič̣uχa (~-q-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 big 2 large, big (adv.) 3 high, tall

Avar: č̣aħá- 2

Chadakolob: č̣áħa-b 3

Andian language: -eč̣uχa 1

Karata: hič̣uχa-b (Anch) 1

Botlikh: -eč̣uχa 1

Godoberi: -eč̣uχa 1

Comments: Not quite clear is the initial h- in Kar.; otherwise the correspondences are quite regular.

Protoform: *-ič̣V(r)-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: black

Avar: č̣eʕéra-b

Chadakolob: č̣eʕera-b

Andian language: -eč̣e-dir

Akhvakh: -ač̣i-da

Chamalal: -eč̣a-ṭu-b

Tindi: -eč̣a-ṭu-b

Karata: -eč̣e-ṭi-rob

Botlikh: -eč̣er

Bagvalal: -eč̣e-ṭu-b

Godoberi: -eč̣er

Comments: The most archaic forms are Botl. -eč̣er and God. -eč̣er ( = Av. č̣eʕer-). Other languages reflect PA *-ič̣Vr-dV- (with an added adjectival suffix) > *-ič̣VdV-; in some languages (Cham., Tind., Kar., Bagv.) an assimilative glottalization (d > ṭ after č̣) took place.

Protoform: *-id-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 frequentative 2 general stem forming 3 pres. general 4 future

Avar: -d- [+-dar, -rd-,-ld-,-qd-] 1

Andian language: -id- (nas. *-in-d- > -inn-) 2

Chamalal: -da 4 (nas. -nna)

Tindi: -ā (nas. -ā̃) 3

Karata: -id- 3

Godoberi: -da (nas. -n-da) 3

Protoform: *-ih-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to do, to make

Avar: ha=í-

Chadakolob: hubú-

Andian language: ih-

Akhvakh: g-u-

Chamalal: ih-

Tindi: ih-

Karata: g-ah-

Godoberi: ĩh-

Comments: Cf. also Kar. Tok. g-ih-. Av. reflects stem II (*hV-); Andian languages - stem I (*ʔih-, sometimes with a preverb *g-). In Akhvakh the root consonant was regularly lost (g-u-r-uƛa < *g-ih-ur-uƛa).

The same stem with changing class prefixes is used in Av.-Andian languages to denote 'to become; to be(come) able': cf. Av. =eh- 'to be(come) possible', Chad. =eh- 'to become; to be able', And. =hi-l-d- 'to be able', Cham. =ehi-d-, Tind. =eh-, Kar. g-ijṼ- (Tok. g-ĩh-) id.

Protoform: *-iḳʷVn- / *ḳʷVn-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to burn (intr.), to catch fire 2 to set on fire

Avar: réḳn- 1

Chadakolob: reḳé- 2

Akhvakh: ḳon- 2

Godoberi: ḳ́an-aχ:-i 1

Comments: Av. reflects stem I (with a demorphologized class prefix); Andian languages reflect stem II.

Protoform: *-iʎ:V- / *-ixʷV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 male 2 husband

Avar: bixín 1

Chadakolob: bixína-b 1

Akhvakh: beʎ:o 1

Tindi: hʷan-heḳʷa 2

Comments: Akhv. -ʎ:- reflects an early variant with delabialisation of *-ʎ:ʷ- > *-ʎ:-, whereas in Av. and Tind. *-ʎ:ʷ- regularly changed to -x- (Tind. hʷ). The root was historically prefixless (cf. the Nakh data), so the Tindi form (hʷan- < *ʔixʷV-n-) is probably the most archaic. Cf. also Av. Chad. bexér (gen. boxró-l) "penis".

Av. > Gin. bikinaw 'male', Bezht. bikinab 'male', bikinči 'male' ( = Av. bixín-či).

Protoform: *j

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 2 (fem. sing.) class 2 2 (fem. sing.-plur.) class 3 3d (inanim. plur.) class 4 plur. anim. class 5 5th sing. class

Avar: j 1

Andian language: j 2, 3

Akhvakh: j 1, -j(i) 4

Chamalal: j 1, ?5

Tindi: j 1

Karata: j 1

Botlikh: j 1

Bagvalal: j 1

Godoberi: j 1

Protoform: *-jV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 dat. 2 dat. anim. 3 infinitive

Avar: -e 1, (nas.) -ne 3

Andian language: -j 1

Chamalal: -i 2

Karata: -ja, -wa 1

Botlikh: -i, -j 1, -i 3

Godoberi: -i, nas. -ĩ 3

Comments: Av. dat. -e (in dialects: class marker+e) may also reflect the original affective case.

Protoform: *kaʔu

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: gate

Avar: kawú

Chadakolob: kawú

Andian language: kawu

Akhvakh: kō

Chamalal: kaw

Karata: kaw

Godoberi: ḱawu

Comments: Av. paradigm B (gen. Chad. kawú-l / kawú-dul, pl. /Uslar/ kawá-bi). All Andian forms can be, in fact, more or less recent loanwords from Avar; a certain loanword is Tind. kawu (with k- instead of regular ḱ-). Also borrowed from Av. are Tsezian forms: Tsez., Gin., Inkh., Gunz. kawu, Bezht. kaw 'gate'.

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