Avar-Andian etymology : Query result

Protoform: *ʎirV, *ʎir-ʁV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bow

Akhvakh: ʎeč̣o

Chamalal: ʎeʁil (Gig.)

Tindi: ʎeʁan / ʎeʁʷan

Karata: ʎeʁer

Comments: The Akhv. word is a compound *ʎirV-*c̣inHu 'bow+arrow': the most archaic shape of it is preserved in Akhv. Ratl. ʎar-č̣ijõ (č̣ijõ 'arrow'). Other languages reflect a derivate *ʎir-ʁV- with a not quite clear suffix (or component). Cf. also Kar. Tok. heʁir; Tind. ʎeʁanc̣u / ʎeʁʷanc̣ihu 'bow' which is used synonymously with ʎeʁan and is parallel to the Akhv. form.

Protoform: *ʎ(:)ama (~ o)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mountain goat

Chamalal: ʎama

Comments: The Cham. word (isolated within Andian) is recorded with ʎ- both by the MSU expedition and by Bokarev. However - since the confusion between ʎ and ʎ: in Cham. records is very frequent - there are reasons to suppose a misspelling (instead of ʎ:ama).

Protoform: *ʎ:arV ( ~ -o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: breeze

Comments: [THE CARD IS LOST - CAN NOT FIND THE SOURCE FORMS. I HAVE CHECKED AND., AKHV., CHAM., TIND. AND BOTL. - IT'S NOWHERE THERE; MUST BE IN KAR. OR BAGV. OR GOD.]!!!!

Protoform: *ʎ:i-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: who (obl. stem)

Avar: ʎ:i-

Chadakolob: ʎi-

Andian language: ʎ:e-

Akhvakh: ʎ:o-

Chamalal: ʎ:e-

Tindi: ʎ:o-(b)-

Karata: ʎ:o-la-

Botlikh: ʎ:e-

Bagvalal: ʎ:o-

Godoberi: ʎ:e-

Comments: Some forms (Akhv., Tind., Kar., Botl.) reflect the labialized variant *ʎ:ʷi- (having probably incorporated the class marker of the 1st class). The same stem (with a suffixed -n-) is used in some languages for the unanimate interrogative (obl. stem): Akhv., Botl. ,Cham., God. ʎ:un-. This is obviously a secondary replacement of the original *s:u-n- (q.v.) under influence of the animate ʎ:i-.

Protoform: *-ʎ:i-

Meaning: obl. stem sing. fem. (and inanim.)

Avar: -ʎ:- (-ʎ:-+0 erg.)

Andian language: -ʎ:-

Akhvakh: -ʎ:i-

Chamalal: -ʎ:i-

Tindi: -ʎ:i-

Karata: -ʎ:i-

Botlikh: -ʎ:i-

Bagvalal: -ʎ:i-

Godoberi: -ʎ:i-

Protoform: *ʎ:imV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: liquid

Avar: ƛ:amí-ja-b

Chadakolob: ƛamá-ja-b

Andian language: ʎ:emi

Akhvakh: ʎ:eme-da-

Protoform: *ʎ:inʔi

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: water

Avar: ʎ:im

Chadakolob: ʎim

Andian language: ʎ:en

Akhvakh: ʎ:eni

Chamalal: ʎ:ī̃

Tindi: ʎ:ẽ

Karata: ʎ:ẽji

Botlikh: ʎ:eni

Bagvalal: ʎ:ẽ

Godoberi: ʎ:eni

Comments: Av. paradigm C ( ʎ:a-dá-l/ʎ:e-l, ʎ:ína-l). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. ʎ:in, Bagv. Tlis. ʎ:ẽji, Kar. Tok. ʎ:in.

Protoform: *ʎ:VdV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wife

Avar: ʎ:ádi

Comments: Irregular accent paradigm in Av.: gen. ʎ:ádu-l, pl. ʎ:ud-bí.

Protoform: *ʎ:VḳV- ?

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: good

Avar: ʎ:iḳa-b

Comments: An isolated Av. word with obscure etymology.

Protoform: *ʎ:VlV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: yew-tree

Avar: ʎ:alú

Comments: Av. paradigm B (gen. ʎ:alú-dul).

Protoform: *ʎoli

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 track, footprint 2 horseshoe 3 hoof

Avar: ʎa-ḳ 1

Andian language: ʎol 1,2,3

Akhvakh: ʎali 1,2

Chamalal: ʎal 2,3

Tindi: ʎali 1,3

Karata: ʎal-da 1

Botlikh: hali 1,2

Bagvalal: hal 1,2

Godoberi: ʎali 1,2

Comments: In Av. ʎa-ḳ < *ʎar-ḳ < *ʎal-ḳ (with an archaic diminutive suffix), cf. by Uslar: ʎarḳ (paradigm A: ʎárḳi-l, ʎárḳa-l). Cf. also Kar. Tok. ʎali, Anch. ʎale 'track', Cham. Gig. ʎali id.; Av. ʎél-go 'by foot', ʎéla-b 'id. (adj.)', Akhv. ʎalo-da-be id.

Protoform: *ʎonV (~ƛ-,-a-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: fat (n.)

Chamalal: ʎan

Tindi: ʎana

Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. ʎani.

Protoform: *ʎum-ur (~ *ƛ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: handful

Andian language: ʎumur

Chamalal: ʎum

Tindi: humur

Karata: humur (Tok.)

Botlikh: humuru

Bagvalal: humara

Comments: Since the root is not attested in Akhv., *ƛ or *ʎ may be reconstructed. Note, however, an irregularity: in Tind.and Kar. we should expect ʎ- in any case (only the Botl. and Bagv. h- are regular).

Protoform: *ʎunʔi

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hair 2 skin

Avar: ƛ:uh (?) 2

Andian language: ʎin 1

Karata: ʎũji 1

Bagvalal: huha 1

Comments: The Av. word is attested only in the compound ƛ:uh baq:ize "to tear the skin off". In PA *ʎ: would be expected; the reason for weakening of *ʎ: is not yet clear. [Cf., perhaps, And. ʎuna 'soft' < *ʎuna, which could have influenced the word for 'hair, wool' ?]

Protoform: *ʎundV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wood, firewood

Andian language: ʎudi

Akhvakh: ʎuda

Chamalal: ʎunni

Tindi: ʎuji

Karata: ʎuda

Botlikh: hudi

Bagvalal: hur (Kvan.)

Godoberi: ʎudi

Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. ʎudi, Bagv. Tlis. ʎuda.

Protoform: *-ʎV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 dat. 2 infinit. 3 transform. 4 together, with (suffixed particle)

Andian language: -ʎu (dial.) 1, -ʎo 3

Chamalal: -ʎa 1

Tindi: -ʎa 1, 2

Botlikh: -ʎ:i 4

Godoberi: -ʎi 1, -ʎ:i 4

Comments: Tenseness in the Botl. and God. variants is not quite clear (emphatic gemination or misrecording?).

Protoform: *-ʎV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 conditional real 2 conjunctive 3 conditional irreal

Akhvakh: -ʎa-la 1

Tindi: -ʎu-wa- 3

Bagvalal: -hi 2

Godoberi: -aʎa-ra (nas. -ãʎa-ra)

Protoform: *ʎVrV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bosom

Avar: ʎor

Comments: Paradigm B or C (loc. ʎoró-b).

Protoform: *ʎʷiʎʷil

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: lizard

Chamalal: ʎoʎol

Comments: Attested only in Cham, with probable Lezg. parallels.

Protoform: *ʎʷilHV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wind, breeze

Akhvakh: ʎʷē / ʎoji

Comments: Cf. also Akhv. Tlan., Tseg. ʎel, Ratl. ʎʷel. The word is isolated in Akhvakh, but has reliable external parallels.