Avar-Andian etymology : Query result

Protoform: *=aʎ:(ʷ)Vn-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to be similar, resemble 2 similar

Avar: réƛ:-in- 1

Chadakolob: reƛá-ra-b 2

Andian language: a=ʎ:in 2

Akhvakh: ẽʎ:e-da 2

Chamalal: =aʎ:una-b 2

Tindi: =aʎ:ũ-b 2

Karata: =aʎ:an- 1

Comments: Av. > Bezht. Khosh. =eʎarab, Gunz. reʎarab (this is either a loan from an Avar dialect with the change ƛ: > ʎ:, or else a mixture of Av. reƛ:arab 'similar' with the genuine *=ẽʎer-u q.v.).

Protoform: *=aq:ʷ- ( ~ -o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to dig

Avar: =uq:-

Chadakolob: =oq-

Akhvakh: =aq:ʷ- /=aq:un-

Chamalal: =aq:ʷVn-

Tindi: =aq:ʷĩ-

Karata: =aq:ʷan-

Comments: -n-conjugation in several languages must be secondary (cf. the variation in Akhvakh, and the nasalless conjugation in all Avar dialects).

Protoform: *=aṭʷ- ( ~ -o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to cut, cut out 2 to chisel out, to dig out

Avar: ƛ:-uṭ- 1

Chadakolob: ƛ-uṭ- 1

Chamalal: =eʎ-uṭ- 1

Tindi: =eƛ:uṭ-1,=aṭʷ-2

Comments: Cf. perhaps also Cham. Gig. =aṭ-ah- 'to break off'. Most languages reflect a compound with some unclear first component. Since in other languages (Udi, PGB) the same root is used for 'to chop, cut' and 'to throw', it seems possible to relate here also Av. ṭam- 'to strew, scatter; drive, let', PA *ṭʷVn- > And. ṭam-, Akhv. ṭon- (Tlan. ṭajn-, Ratl. ṭam-) 'to throw, scatter', Tind., Cham. ṭan-, Kar. ṭam- id. (although reasons for -n-conjugation are not clear). An Andian source is probable for Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. ʎuṭ- 'to cut out'.

Protoform: *=ax- ( ~ -o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to whet

Avar: ƛ:-ux-

Chadakolob: ƛ-ux-

Chamalal: =āh-

Tindi: =āh-

Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. =āh- 'to whet'. Length of vowel in Cham. and Tind. is not clear; otherwise correspondences are regular. Av. ƛ:- is an expressive preverb.

Since in Avar the verb ƛ:-ux- means both 'to whet' and 'to sweep' ( = 'to make clean, polished'), it seems possible to relate here also the PA word for 'broom, besom' *ʔi(r)xu: Cham. īhʷ (Gig. ihu), Tind. ehu, Kar. erxu, Bagv. erxʷ (Tlond. ehʷ).

Protoform: *=aχ- / *=aχ:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to fall 2 to throw (down)

Avar: reχ:- 2

Chadakolob: =eχ- 1,2

Andian language: =aχ- 1

Chamalal: =aχ- 1

Tindi: =aχ- 1

Comments: The Av. and Andian forms are obviously connected, although there is an irregular correspondence Av. -χ:- : PA *-χ-. This must be explained by a variation in the position of the resonant: PA *=aχ- < *=arχV-, Av. reχ:- < *rVχ:V- (literary Avar has here a stable r-; changing prefixes in Av. Chad. must be secondary). In both cases the resonant must have been metathesized from the Auslaut position (cf. PL *ʔaχär-). The fricative *χ develops in different ways in Av.-Andian and Tsezian languages, depending on its position (after a resonant or after a vowel).

Protoform: *=aχ:- ( ~ -o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to destroy, damage, be destroyed 2 to dismantle

Avar: =iχ:- 1

Akhvakh: =aχ:- 1

Tindi: =aχ:- 2

Karata: =aχ:- 1

Comments: Most languages reflect stem I; stem II *χ:V- is probably present in Cham. χ:i-d- 'to cut in small pieces; to clip, shear'.

Protoform: *=aχʷVn

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to open

Avar: rah-

Chadakolob: =ahn-

Andian language: arχin-

Akhvakh: aχ-

Chamalal: aχVn-

Tindi: =aχʷĩ-

Comments: Medial -r- in And. is secondary (cf. the petrified r- in Av. rah-); reasons for the loss of the n-conjugation in lit. Av. and Akhvakh are not clear (all other languages point uniformly to *-n).

Protoform: *=ic:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to praise

Avar: =ec:-

Chadakolob: =ec-

Andian language: =ec:-iq:-

Akhvakh: =ec:-

Chamalal: =ecuc-

Tindi: =ec:ic:ĩ-

Karata: =ec:-

Comments: Tind. and Cham. reflect a reduplicated form, And. - a compound with a not quite clear second component. Av. > Bezht. becci =ow- 'to praise'.

Protoform: *=ic:u-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 blind 2 dark

Avar: =éc:a-b 1

Chadakolob: b-éca-b 1

Akhvakh: =ec:o-da 1,2

Tindi: =ec:u-b 1

Comments: Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Tlan. =ec:a-, Ratl. =ec:o-da- 'dark'. Tind. > Inkh. beccʷe 'blind'; Av. > Gin. beccaw, Arch. becu, bes-du ( < bec-t:u) id. A somewhat earlier loan from an Av.-And. source is PGB *bǝc-du (-diju) 'blind' (Bezht. bocdijo, Gunz. bǝcdu).

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