Комментарии: Stem 1 is reflected in Av., stem 2 (with a nasal suffix of secondary nature) - in Akhv. The word for "chip, sliver" in some Andian languages may be derived from this root(as it is in other EC languages), but the problem is that it contains PA *c̣: (even with some irregular reflexes): Cham. ṣinṣ, Gig. c̣:ic̣:in, Tind. ḱ:inḱ:i (sic!) - an irregular (expressive) transformation?
Комментарии: Cf. also Akhv. Ratl. =oq̇:-, Kar. Tok. =uq̇:-. With reduplication cf. Tind. =uq̇:uq̇:-, Cham. =uq̇:uq̇:-, And. =aq̇:aq̇:- 'to cut in small pieces'. Stem II *q̇:ir- is reflected in the following forms: And. q̇:ir-d-, Akhv. q̇:er-, Cham. q̇:i-d- (Gig. q̇:ir-), Tind. q̇:er-d- 'to clip, shear' (in Cham. also 'to chop'). With expressive suffixation cf. perhaps also Av. q̇:unc̣- 'to clip, shear' ( < *q̇:e-nc̣-, as seen from the old Arch. loanword q̇enc̣-bos id.).
Значение:1 to come 2 to reach 3 to enter (pl.), to become
Чадаколоб:=áʕn- 1
Андийский:=uGVn- 3
Ахвахский:q̇un- 2
Комментарии: Akhv. reflects stem II *q̇un-, Av. and And.- stem I *=uq̇Vn (used in Av. Chad. only in the infinitive and prohibitive forms). Cf. also Akhv. Ratl. =uq̇ũ- 'to reach'.
Значение:1 to scatter, strew 2 to be scattered, fall
Аварский:š:ʷa- 1
Чадаколоб:susá-ḳ- 1
Ахвахский:š:e-r- (Ratl.) 2
Чамалинский:š:uš:ē-d- 2
Тиндинский:=uš:- 1
Комментарии: Av. and Cham. reflect a reduplicated stem *š:uš:- (cf. also Av. lit. š:uš:á- 'to be scattered'). An expressive root, which explains the preservation of š: in Cham. and Akhv. (regularly s: would be expected; on the possible regular reflex in Cham. see under *=Vrc_wĂ).
Значение:1 to rake up, shovel up 2 to comb 3 take off
Аварский:=uχ:- 1
Чадаколоб:χa- 2
Андийский:=uχ:- 3
Чамалинский:=uχ:- 3
Тиндинский:=uχ:- 3
Комментарии: Cf. also Av. lit. χ:á- 'to rake up, shovel up' (reflecting stem II). In And. the root means also 'to take away'. The meaning 'to take off' in Andian languages has obviously developped from *'tear off, scrape off'.
Комментарии: The And. and Tind. word has zar- 'ice' as the 1st component. Like in some other cases, there's a vacillation between -n and -r-conjugations.
Комментарии: An old derivate from this verbal root is -cel in Av. χ:arí-cel 'scythe' (in the first part of the compound - Av. χ:er, obl. χ:arí- 'grass'). The Avar compound was borrowed in many Andian and Tsezian languages (sometimes with distortion, usual for a long borrowed word): Akhv. qalic:a, Cham. χ:arical, Gig. χarica 'sickle', Tind. q:arisa ( > Inkh. qarisa), Tsez. χerceli, Gin. χalicen.
