Комментарии: Cf. also Av. =orč̣- 'run out, break out'. The Cham. root is attested only in the Gad. expression č̣ʷa-r-da ide 'walks, flows'. Av. =ač̣-, Av. =orč̣- and Cham. č̣ʷa- reflect different Ablaut grades; the evidence is not enough to securely reconstruct the root vowel.The -n-conjugation in Av. is obviously secondary (cf. its absence in Chad.).
Значение:1 to hang; stay; be in some place 2 put on (hat)
Аварский:=a- 1
Чадаколоб:=a- 2
Комментарии: A frequent verb with a rather general meaning; since it is not attested in Andian languages, the precise nature of the root laryngeal in PA is hard to establish.
Комментарии: The Andian forms reflect stem II *HVn-; Avar reflects stem I *=VH-. Reconstruction of the root consonant *q̇ is also possible, but less probable because of external evidence.
Комментарии: The verb has a not quite clear original meaning (some broad concept of physical contact action), which explains the difference of meaning in Av. and Tind. Avar represents stem I (*=Vk(Vn)-), Tindi - stem II (*ki(r)-d-).
Значение:1 to put together 2 lie 3 fall down 4 take,collect
Аварский:=aḳ-ár- 1
Чадаколоб:=aḳ-ár- 1
Ахвахский:ḳonu- 2
Чамалинский:ḳob- 4 (Gig.)
Тиндинский:ḳab-d- 3
Комментарии: Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. ḳom-, Ratl. ḳʷam- 'to lie', perhaps also Akhv. =iḳʷ-oʎ- 'to put on (cap, hat)'. Avar reflects here stem I (*=Vḳ-), Andian languages - stem II with suffixes (*ḳV-b- / *ḳV-m-). The semantic correlation 'to gather, put together' : *'to be put together' > 'to lie, fall' is the same as in some other EC subgroups.
Av. > And. =aḳar-undi 'to gather', Bezht. =aḳarzi =aq id. (cf. the South Av. infinitive =aḳar-zi, Chad. =aḳár-ži).
Комментарии: Cf. also Cham. Gig. =aḳʷVn- id. (NB: the printed version of the MSU recordings has -ḳ- in U.-Gakv. - which is a misspelling; the correct form is found in Bokarev).
The verb is attested only in Cham.; other languages reflect only the derivate *b-iḳ:ʷin / *r-iḳ:ʷin (cf. also Cham. Gig. beḳun) "knitting needle". The dialectal Av. form ṭuḳén possibly reflects a variant of the same derivate with a *d- prefix (Proto-Avar *d-eḳ:ʷen > *ṭeḳ:ʷen: cf. also a characteristic Archi loan from Old Avar ṭeƛ̣on 'needle', where -ƛ̣:- is rendering Av. -ḳ:-).
Комментарии: In Av. *ƛ̣ usually yields ṭ, but here it changed to ʔ (as an exception in a frequently used verb). The dialectal evidence points unambiguously to *ƛ̣: cf. the forms (cited from Микаилов 1959) ṭʷen-zi (ACh, AT), ḳʷen-zi (ATm), ʔin-zi / ʔʷin-zi (AA, AB). Another reason for *ƛ̣ > ʔ here could be a merger with another root, reflected in PA as *=VʔVn- (q.v.).
Комментарии: Cham. reflects stem II with a -d- suffix (*q̇:V(n)-d-); Avar - stem I (but cf. also stem II in q̇:ín- 'to pulverize, make small'). Loss of the -n-conjugation (confirmed by external evidence) in Av. Chad. and Cham. must be secondary.
Значение:1 to lift, raise 2 to rise (of dough) 3 to rise
Аварский:=orχ- 1, =aχn- 3
Чамалинский:ʔiχ- 2, =aχ-id- 3
Комментарии: Cf. also Av. -órχa-ta- 'high, tall'. Here -r- is most probably a former aspective (durative) infix, and not a part of the root (it, however, prohibited the change *q > χ > h in Av.). -n-conjugation in Av. =aχn- is probably secondary. For the semantic change cf. Lak. laqa-n 'to rise; to rise, ferment (of dough)'. Both in Av. (=aχn-) and in Cham. (=aχ-id-) the root has also the meaning 'to cross, pass over'.
