Комментарии: Av. paradigm C (q:arq:í-l,q:árq:a-l, Chad. qirqí-l,qérqa-l). The Akhv. form (q:alaq:e is a MSU recording; Magomedbekova writes q:olaq:e) may be loaned from Av. (as certainly is Kar. q:araq: 'bush').
Комментарии: Av. paradigm A (q:árti-l,q:árta-l). Cf. also Akhv. Ratl. q:ati 'witch, house-spirit'. Irregular is North Akhv. χ:ʷatala id. A loan from some Andian language (unattested) is probably Tsez. qudi 'giant, mythic creature' (cf. also - with irregular transformations? - Gin. quIbƛi 'devil').
Комментарии: Cf. also And. (Gudava) q:uča, Cham. Gig. q:uča. Some forms are highly irregular (namely And. χuca and Cham. χoša) - probably due to assimilative processes.
Комментарии: Magomedbekova writes qoṭo (vs. MSU: q:oṭo), but this must be a misspelling: in the case of weak *q the Tseg. and Tlan. dialects would have χoṭo, but they also have an affricate (q:oṭo). The word is attested only in Akhv., but has probable external parallels. Of Andian origin is Gunz. quṭe 'scoop'.
Комментарии: Av. paradigm B (nuq:á-dul,nuq:-bí); the Av. form is metathesized. Av. > Cham. Gig. nuq:a 'kite'. The And. form is quoted from Khaidakov 1973; in Akhv. we would expect q:-, thus qʷa (in a MSU recording of Northern Akhvakh) is probably a misspelling.
Комментарии: Av. paradigm A (erg. hádi-c:a,pl.háda-l). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. χa-ƛ:, Ratl. qar-ƛ:i ruša. The Tind. form is a secondary building (a new genitive χaƛ:u-ƛ:a from an original genitive *χa-ƛ:V - cf. analogous forms in other languages). Both stems (*qorHV and *qo(r)-dV) go back to PEC variants.
Комментарии: Av. paradigm B (huʔrú-zul,huʔrú-l); the Chad. form reflects a former plural (huḳlá-l < *huʔrá-l). Av. -ʔ- and PA *-s:- are reflexes of the specific PEC phoneme *-ɵ- (in a "tense" word).
All Andian languages reflect two basic PA variants: a) *quns:ir ( > And. χuns:ir, Cham. χus:i, Gig. χuns:ir, Gad. χũs:i, Bagv. huns:er; with assimilative *q- > *q:- - Akhv. Tseg. q:uns:ur, Kar., Botl. q:uns:ir; *q- is reflected also in Av.); b) *χ:uns:ir ( > Akhv. χ:us:e, Ratl. χ:uns:el, Tind. χ:uns:ar, God. χ:uns:ir). Both variants are probably old, since the same variation is observed in other EC branches.
Комментарии: Av. paradigm B (χurú-l,χur-zál; but Chad. C: ħoró-l,ħúr-dal). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Tlan. χur, Kar. Tok. hur.
Some languages in the direct stem reflect a special stem *qũša (or *χ-): cf. Bagv. (Gudava) hũša (but plur. hura-bi), Cham. Gig. χuša (but erg. χuru-di, pl. χu-dir), Tind. Akn. hũša. This is either an independent root (although its origin is not clear), or a trace of the archaic plural *qurH-ša (corresponding, e.g., to Chech. qa-š 'fields').
