Комментарии: The Av. Chad. verb q̇aʁ- 'burn' is derived from a noun: cf. Av. lit. q̇:ʷaʁ 'cracklings', q̇:ʷaʁ-ize 'to roast'. The root is isolated in Av. and has no etymology.
Комментарии: The term can be analyzed as a genitive case form from *q̇ʷoni 'head' (q.v.) - this probably influenced the retention of the Inlaut lateral (otherwise PA *-k- would be expected), but is obviously a folk etymology.
Комментарии: Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Tlan. χaƛ̣:an, Ratl. qeƛ̣:i/qerƛ̣:i. An expressive root with very irregular dissimilative/assimilative changes. The original protoform can be approximately reconstructed as *q̇ʷanč̣:al; in Akhv. *q̇ʷanč̣:al > *q̇(ʷ)aƛ̣:an > *qaƛ̣:an (with metathesis of laterality and dissimilation *q̇ > q). Laterality (reflecting final *-l) is still preserved (also with a metathesis) in Tind. (where ƛ̣:anč̣a < *ƛ̣anč̣:a < *Ḳanč̣:al), but is lost completely in Kar. and God. The velar (instead of uvular) initial in Kar. and God. may be due to theinfluence of PA *ḳʷanHi 'foal' q.v.
Forms like Tind. ƛ̣:anč̣a suggest that Av. ṭinč̣ 'young (of animals)' may also belong to this root. Initial ṭ- here goes back to *ƛ̣, as seen from dialectal evidence (cf. Keger. enč̣ id.).
Комментарии: Av. paradigm B (ʕorc̣á-dul,ʕorc̣á-bi; Chad. ʕurč̣ní-l,ʕurč̣éna-l/ʕurč̣-bí). Cf. also Cham. Gig. χuzin (with a late dissimilation: χuzin < *ʁuzin < *ʁʷirc̣im). Several Andian forms are not inherited, but borrowed from Av. (as seen from the initial reflex ʕ-): Akhv. ʕoc̣ino, Ratl. ʕorc̣ini, Kar. ʕurc̣ina, Arch. ʕorc̣imo, Rac. ʕurc̣im, Tok. ħorc̣in, God. ʕorc̣in.
The root is also spread in Tsezian languages, but only as a loan (as is clearly seen from the preservation of medial -r-). Recent loans from Av. are Gin. hurc̣um, Bezht. Tlad. ʕürc̣en, Khosh. χorc̣on (this form may also havean Andian origin), Gunz. horc̣om. A more ancient loan from Andian (or Avaro-Andian) is PTsKh *q̇ʷirc̣(u)ne reflected in Tsez. q̇ʷer(e)c̣ni, Inkh. q̇urc̣une.
Комментарии: Strong -š:- in Akhvakh is rather strange, because normally both *š: and *s: > Akhv. s:; therefore, it may be a misspelling (although both Magomedbekova and the MSU recordings spell -š:-).
