Комментарии: The Av. form (paradigm C: plur. ṭánča-l) is quoted from Mikailov. It is probably a contamination of the expected *ṭač ( = Akhv. ƛ̣ača) with the more common Av. ṭamáχ 'leaf' (q.v.).
Значение:1 rock, rocky plateau 2 layer 3 lid 4 (paper) leaf
Аварский:ṭálu 1, ṭalá 2
Чадаколоб:ṭalá 3
Андийский:lala 3
Ахвахский:ƛ̣ala 3
Тиндинский:ala 3,4
Каратинский:ƛ̣ala 4
Комментарии: Av. ṭalú has paradigm C (ṭalú-l,ṭála-bi); ṭalá - paradigm B (ṭalá-dul,ṭul-bí; Chad. ṭoló-l / ṭilí-l,ṭalá-l / ṭulá-l). Av. ṭalá has several meanings: "layer; bee-hive; chimney; floor, tier" (cf. also Kuyad. ala 'chimney' pointing to *ƛ̣ in Proto-Avar). The whole variety of meanings in Avar and Andian languages must be explained by the original semantics "flat stone, stone layer".
Комментарии: Cf. also Cham. Gig. aχa, Akhv. Tseg. ṭaχo, Tlan. ṭanχa (Magomedbekova writes: taχo,tanχa, which is obviously a misspelling instead of ṭ-).
Комментарии: Magomedbekova records this word as ƛ̣aq̇:ʷa 'eyelid'; cf. also Tlan. ṭanq̇:a-ƛ:i, pl. ṭanq̇:ʷalar. Since only the Akhv. form is present, the PA reconstruction is not very certain.
Комментарии: Av. ṭin belongs to paradigm B or C (gen. ṭimá-l); the suffixed form ṭamáχ (gen. ṭanχí-l; Chad. ṭamħí-l,ṭámħa-l) goes back to *ƛ̣im-aχ. Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. ṭimi, Ratl. ƛ̣imi "tops", Cham. Gad. nim, Gig. em "parsley".
Комментарии: Cf. also And. (Khaidakov) lʔel (pointing to *ƛ̣-);-l is obviously a result of assimilation ( < *-r). The Av. form may be analysed as "top" (ṭo-, cf. ṭa- 'up, above' q.v.) + rax "milk"; this is probably a folk etymology (which had, however, influenced the expected form *ṭor or *ṭora by adding a secondary -x).
Комментарии: The stem *ƛ̣:ʷa- with different suffixes is also used in expressive verbs meaning 'to burst, to shoot': besides And. ƛ̣:ahun- / ƛ̣:aṭun- cf. also Av. ƛ̣:ʷah- (Chad. ƛ̣ʷah-), Cham. ƛ̣a-d-, Tind. ƛ̣:ʷah-ij-. A loan from Avar is Gunz. ƛ̣ahzi =ɔq- 'to burst'.
Комментарии: Av. paradigm B (ƛ̣:aʕrí-l,ƛ̣:aʕí). Cf. also Akhv. Ratl. ƛ̣:ider (the North. form ƛ̣:eje < *ƛ̣:idi-r).
The original PEC form is best preserved in PA plur. *ƛ̣:ili (cf. Kar. ƛ̣:ili, Bagv. ƛ̣:ili, Cham. Gig. ƛ̣:ila; in the U.-Gakv. dialect the sing. form ƛ̣:ili is probably a secondary analogy to plural, cf. Gig. sing. ƛ̣:edir - pl. ƛ̣:ila). The singular form *ƛ̣:idir contains a peculiar infix -dV- common to some other names of young animals (*ʁadač̣a 'calf', *ʎidir 'kid'); Avar has -ʕ- in these cases (but note that the Av. pl. ƛ̣:aʕí reflects directly the PEC *-ɦɫ-).
Комментарии: Cf. also Kar. Tok. elṭu 'flax', Cham. Gig. ƛ̣:eṭu 'barberry'. The Kar. forms point to a weak *ƛ̣-; this is probably a result of assimilation to the weak -ṭ-. Tind. > Inkh. ƛ̣eṭu 'seed'.
Комментарии: Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. ƛ̣:ajã-, Tlan. ƛ̣:ajn-, Ratl. ƛ̣:iχã-. The basic root is *ƛ̣:in- (preserved as such only in Akhv.) with different (expressive) suffixes: *ƛ̣:in-ž-,*ƛ̣:in-ṭ-,*ƛ̣:in-χ-.
Cf. also the derivate Av. móƛ̣:u (paradigm C: maƛ̣:í-l,máƛ̣:a-bi), PA *moƛ̣:u > And. moƛ̣:i, Akhv. miƛ̣:e, Cham. maƛ̣:, Tind., Kar., Botl. maƛ̣:u, Bagv. maƛ̣:ʷ 'sleep, dream'.
Значение:1 to burn (oneself) 2 to burn, be hot 3 heat
Аварский:ƛ̣:er- 1
Чамалинский:-uƛ̣:- 2
Годоберинский:b-uƛ̣:ir 3
Комментарии: Stem II (*-u(r)ƛ̣:-), beside Cham., is present also in Av. -orƛ̣:- 'to burn (oven), roast (grain)'; stem I (*ƛ̣:ir-) - only in Av. ƛ̣:er-ize.
The Av. word was borrowed in Arch. ƛ̣:eIr 'be hot', ƛ̣:eIr-t:u-t 'hot' (with expressive pharyngealisation).
Derived from the same root is the Avaro-Andian word for 'bitter': Av. ƛ̣:ó-ʕa-b (stem I with the adjectival suffix -ʕa- < *-q̇a-), And. -uƛ̣:in, Akhv. -oƛ̣:i-da, Cham. -uƛ̣:u-, Tind. -uƛ̣:u-, Kar. Anch. -oƛ̣:i-ro- (Kar. proper ƛ̣:uʕa- / ƛ̣:oʕa- < Av.), Botl. (Leks.) -uƛ̣:a, Bagv. (Leks.) k-uƛ̣:u-jra-, God. (Leks.) -uƛ̣:a.
