Комментарии: Av. > Bezht. Khosh. =eʎarab, Gunz. reʎarab (this is either a loan from an Avar dialect with the change ƛ: > ʎ:, or else a mixture of Av. reƛ:arab 'similar' with the genuine *=ẽʎer-u q.v.).
Значение:1 to cut, cut out 2 to chisel out, to dig out
Аварский:ƛ:-uṭ- 1
Чадаколоб:ƛ-uṭ- 1
Чамалинский:=eʎ-uṭ- 1
Тиндинский:=eƛ:uṭ-1,=aṭʷ-2
Комментарии: Cf. perhaps also Cham. Gig. =aṭ-ah- 'to break off'. Most languages reflect a compound with some unclear first component. Since in other languages (Udi, PGB) the same root is used for 'to chop, cut' and 'to throw', it seems possible to relate here also Av. ṭam- 'to strew, scatter; drive, let', PA *ṭʷVn- > And. ṭam-, Akhv. ṭon- (Tlan. ṭajn-, Ratl. ṭam-) 'to throw, scatter', Tind., Cham. ṭan-, Kar. ṭam- id. (although reasons for -n-conjugation are not clear). An Andian source is probable for Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. ʎuṭ- 'to cut out'.
Комментарии: Cf. also Cham. Gig. =āh- 'to whet'. Length of vowel in Cham. and Tind. is not clear; otherwise correspondences are regular. Av. ƛ:- is an expressive preverb.
Since in Avar the verb ƛ:-ux- means both 'to whet' and 'to sweep' ( = 'to make clean, polished'), it seems possible to relate here also the PA word for 'broom, besom' *ʔi(r)xu: Cham. īhʷ (Gig. ihu), Tind. ehu, Kar. erxu, Bagv. erxʷ (Tlond. ehʷ).
Комментарии: The Av. and Andian forms are obviously connected, although there is an irregular correspondence Av. -χ:- : PA *-χ-. This must be explained by a variation in the position of the resonant: PA *=aχ- < *=arχV-, Av. reχ:- < *rVχ:V- (literary Avar has here a stable r-; changing prefixes in Av. Chad. must be secondary). In both cases the resonant must have been metathesized from the Auslaut position (cf. PL *ʔaχär-). The fricative *χ develops in different ways in Av.-Andian and Tsezian languages, depending on its position (after a resonant or after a vowel).
Комментарии: Medial -r- in And. is secondary (cf. the petrified r- in Av. rah-); reasons for the loss of the n-conjugation in lit. Av. and Akhvakh are not clear (all other languages point uniformly to *-n).
Комментарии: Tind. and Cham. reflect a reduplicated form, And. - a compound with a not quite clear second component. Av. > Bezht. becci =ow- 'to praise'.