North Caucasian etymology : Query result

Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛwɨ̆nʔi(-e)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: belly, stomach

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *bVxʷVn

Proto-Lak: ku

Proto-Dargwa: *kʷani

Proto-Lezghian: *uo-ʎwɨn / *ro-ʎwɨn

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. In most languages the root is prefixless, but Av. and some Lezg. languages show traces of old class prefixation (common in PNC for names of body parts).

Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛwɨ̄ri ~ *rɨ̄ƛwi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wheel, vehicle

Proto-Nakh: *lārV

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *rokV ( ~ -a-)

Proto-Lezghian: *ʎʷɨr

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The root is not widely spread, but seems both phonetically and semantically quite reliable.

Proto-North Caucasian: *-ƛ_-

Meaning: in filled series

Proto-Nakh: *-lo

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *-ƛ:i-

Proto-Tsezian: *-ʎ:

Proto-West Caucasian: *Łʷa-

Notes: In Nakh one would rather expect *-lχ-; the *-l- reflex probably is due to a merger of three original lateral locative series (super, sub and in filled).

Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛ_HwemV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: liquid (adj.)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʎ:imV-

Proto-Lak: xuImu-

Proto-Dargwa: *xaIm-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʎ:äImä-

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular. See Trubetzkoy 1922, 239. Abdokov (1983, 148) adduces a Kabardian word: xʷānʎa 'liquid; boiled (e.g. egg)' which we were unable to confirm in existing sources.

Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛ_ōrosV

Meaning: bundle; besom

Proto-Nakh: *kurs

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛoro[s]

Notes: A Nakh-Lezg. isogloss. Nevertheless, correspondences are quite satisfactory and the etymology seems probable. The Nakh form is the source of Abaz. kʷris and Osset. kʷɨrīs 'sheaf, bundle' (see Abayev 1949, 106; 1958, 611).

Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛ_wāħnɨ

Meaning: wool

Proto-Nakh: *kān

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʎunʔi

Proto-Tsezian: *ʎ:ũ

Proto-Lezghian: *ʎ:aj

Proto-Khinalug: ka

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. All reflexes are regular, except *ʎ- in PA (regularly *ʎ:- would be expected). See Trubetzkoy 1922, 239.

Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛ_wĕɫʔĕ ( ~ -ă)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mould

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *k:olHV ( ~ -a-)

Proto-Lezghian: *ʎʷela ( ~ -l:-)

Notes: An Av.-And.-Lezg. isogloss. For the specific development of *ƛw cf. comments to PEC *lɨ̆nƛ_wē 'pigeon'.

Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛ̣a

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: up, above (an adverbial stem)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ƛ̣a

Proto-Tsezian: *ƛ̣(ɔ)

Proto-Lak: ḳa

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔi-ḳ

Proto-Lezghian: *lV / *ʔal:V

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular, except for the PL form: here also *ƛ̣V would be expected, but it had irregularly developed into *lHV > PL *l:V, which must be explained by the auxiliary status of the morpheme.

Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛ̣ačă (~-ć-,-ĕ)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: leaf; a k. of plant

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ƛ̣ačV (~-o-)

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣ač̣a

Notes: An Aand.-Lezg. isogloss; correspondences are regular, and the PEC antiquity of the root seems probable. Rather aberrant is the Lak. form k:iž 'tops (of plants)'; it is similar, but absolutely irregular phonetically, and one feels tempted to consider it as a loan from some Agul or Tabasaran dialect (see above) - although other cases of borrowing in that direction are unknown to us.

Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛ̣ăpi (~-e)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: leaf

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ƛ̣apV (~ -o-)

Proto-Lak: č̣aṗi

Proto-Dargwa: *ḳa[p]i

Proto-West Caucasian: *Ła(m)pa (~*l-)

Notes: Correspondences are quite regular (except the secondary voicing *ƛ̣- > *Ł- in PWC, which is a frequent phenomenon).

Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛ̣arq̇wĕ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: forehead; (put on forehead:) cap

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ƛ̣aq̇ʷara

Proto-Tsezian: *ƛ̣ɔq̇ɔ A

Notes: An Av.-And.-Tsez. isogloss. PTs *ƛ̣ɔq̇ɔ is probably a result of vowel assimilation < *ƛ̣aq̇ɔ.

Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛ̣ĕṗV̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: stone plate or shed

Proto-Nakh: *laṗa

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ƛ̣abV ( ~ -o-)

Proto-Tsezian: *bɔƛ̣V

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Except for the metathesis in Inkh., correspondences are regular.

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