Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The vocalism is aberrant in PTs and Av. (we would rather expect ṭar); otherwise all correspondences are regular, and the etymology is quite reliable.
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Except for occasional metatheses in Av.-And., correspondences are regular. Phonetically a good match is Arch. ḳiχI:i 'fork' (with a possible PL form *ƛ̣orχI:(ʷ)Vj), but semantically it is not quite clear (perhaps, the original meaning in PL was "forked bough").
Notes: An And.-Tsez. isogloss; correspondences are regular except for the metathesis in PTs (however, the weak reflex *ƛ̣ in PTs proves that the PA order of phonemes is original). Reconstruction of the medial resonant is not quite certain (based only on PTs nasalisation).
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular. In [Diakonoff -Starostin 1986, 48] the root is compared with Hurr. karuBǝ 'granary'; it is possible, but somewhat dubious because of the -i-vocalism in PEC.
Notes: The PWC form has a frequent labial prefix (*P-). In PA there occurred a lateral assimilation (*r > l after *ƛ̣-); otherwise the correspondences are regular, and the comparison can be considered as quite reliable. See Abdokov 1983, 107 (with a basically correct comparison, but citing also many superfluous forms, not belonging to the present root).
Notes: An Av.-Lezg. isogloss; since we do not know what bird is meant by Av. ƛ̣:iƛ̣:í, the comparison is questionable (although the phonetic match is exact).
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular. In most subgroups (Av.-And., PTs, PL, Lak.) the morpheme is used as a suffix of the locative case (series Sub). Nakh languages have lost this usage, but it can be shown that they once also had it: cf. cases like PN *muʁ 'tail' - *muʁ-le 'strap under horse's tail' (lit. 'under the tail') > Bacb. mujʁlĭ, Chech., Ing. mulʁa ( = Av. maʁáƛ̣: id.).
