Tsezian etymology : Query result

Proto-Tsezian: *zǝr(V)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: fox

Tsezi: ziru

Ginukh: zeru

Khvarshi: zaru

Inkhokvari: zor (zoru-)

Bezhta: sora

Gunzib: sǝ (sǝro-)

Comments: PTsKh *zǝR(u), PGB *sǝrV (the direct base sǝ in Gunz. is a result of reanalysis of -ro as the oblique stem marker).

Proto-Tsezian: *zidɔ A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: moth

Tsezi: zedo

Khvarshi: zeda (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: zido

Bezhta: sida

Gunzib: sɨdɔ

Comments: PTsKh *zido; PGB *sɨdɔ. The PGB *-ɨ- is not regular (*-i- would be expected).

Proto-Tsezian: *z[i]gV / *ž[i]gV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hail

Tsezi: zigolu

Khvarshi: zangeru (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: holo-šigi

Gunzib: helu-šige

Comments: PGB *helu-šige (with *helu- 'pea(s)'); the Tsez. and Khvarsh. forms (with irregular transformations) probably reflect an analoguous compound, but with a reversed order of components. The variation of hissing/hushing reflexes is possibly explained by the original palatal affricate in PEC.

Proto-Tsezian: *ZiZV (~-ɨ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: inner side of mouth

Inkhokvari: zɨze

Comments: Isolated in Inkh., but with probable external parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *zɨ̃h A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bear

Tsezi: ze

Ginukh: ze

Khvarshi: ze

Inkhokvari: zẽ

Bezhta: si / sĩ

Gunzib: sɨ̃

Comments: PTsKh *zɨ̃j (cf. also: Tsez. (Imnaishvili, Kh.) zej, Gin. gen. zej-š, Khvarsh. obl. zeʔi-); PGB *sɨ̃h (cf. also: Bezht. Khosh. sih, Tlad. sī).

Proto-Tsezian: *ZɨmV- (~-i-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: gum (in mouth)

Ginukh: somore

Inkhokvari: zɨmor

Comments: PTsKh *[zɨ]mor-. The unvoicing *z- > s- in Gin. is unclear. Even stranger are parallels in other languages: Tsez. cemori, Bezht. c̣imac̣ (Khosh.), č̣imäṭö (Tlad.), Gunz. c̣emaṭ. We probably deal with a result of some secondary contaminations.

Proto-Tsezian: *zɨn(u) B

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: barberry

Tsezi: zin

Ginukh: zenu

Inkhokvari: zon

Bezhta: sino (Khosh.)

Gunzib: sɨnu

Comments: PTsKh *zǝn(u); PGB *sɨnu.

Proto-Tsezian: *zɨzV- ?

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: thin

Khvarshi: zejzu (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: zɨzzu

Comments: PTsKh *zɨz-iju.

Proto-Tsezian: *-z(:)a-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: plur. obl. stem marker

Tsezi: -za-

Ginukh: -za- / -ža-

Inkhokvari: -za-

Proto-Tsezian: *z:aƛV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wind

Bezhta: zaƛo

Gunzib: zaƛe

Comments: PGB *zaƛV.

Proto-Tsezian: *z:ɨr- / *z:ɨz:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to shake, tremble

Bezhta: zir =eƛ̣äl (Tl.)

Gunzib: zɨzɨ-ƛ-

Comments: PGB *zɨr- / *zɨz-.

Proto-Tsezian: *z:ɨZV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: thorn, prick

Gunzib: zɨza (Nakh.)

Comments: Attested only in Gunz., but having good external parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *z:uḳV B

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 mill funnel 2 mill-race

Tsezi: zeḳ-do 1

Ginukh: zoḳ-da 1

Bezhta: zuḳ-la 2

Gunzib: zuḳ-la 1 (Gunz.)

Comments: PTsKh *zu_ḳ-dV; PGB *zuḳ-la. Both forms contain rather productive PTs suffixes.

Proto-Tsezian: *-z(:)V

Meaning: 1 gen. (with dependent non-nomin.) 2 instrum. 3 translative 4 elative 5 dat. 6 infin.

Tsezi: -z 1, -aza 3

Ginukh: -zo 1, -z 5,6

Khvarshi: -žo 4

Inkhokvari: -z(i) 2; 4 (after vowels)

Proto-Tsezian: [*-z(:)V-]

Meaning: pres. gerund

Tsezi: -zej

Proto-Tsezian: *zobo (~ zʷɨ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ramson

Tsezi: zu

Khvarshi: zu (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: zũ

Bezhta: sobo (Tlad.)

Gunzib: so (Gunz.)

Comments: PTsKh *zu (nasalisation in Inkh. is probably secondary); PGB *sobo. The Gunz. form so is a result of reinterpreting -bo as oblique base marker (the paradigm in Gunz. is so, sobo-s). Still earlier the same process (*zubV reinterpreted as zu + -bV) must have happened in PTsKh.

Proto-Tsezian: *zɔḳʷǝ B

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 mushroom 2 tinder

Tsezi: ziḳu 1

Bezhta: saḳo 2 (Tlad.)

Comments: There are various aberrant forms: Bezht. (proper) zaḳo 'mushroom', Tlad. (Bokarev) zaḳo, Gunz. zoḳo id.; Tsez. šoḳu 'tinder' (opposed to ziḳu 'mushroom'), Khvarsh. žoḳo 'mushroom', Inkh. žoḳo 'tinder'. Most of them can be explained either as direct loans from Georgian (Georg. soḳo / zoḳo 'mushroom'), or as contaminations of the native root *zɔḳʷǝ with the Georgian loanword. Variants with initial hushing š-/ž-, however, are not quite clear.

Proto-Tsezian: *zɔsǝ / *zǝsV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: moss

Tsezi: zozi (Kid.)

Ginukh: zoze

Khvarshi: zoza (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: zozo

Bezhta: soso

Gunzib: sǝsu / sũsu (N.)

Comments: PTsKh *zozǝ (with assimilation < *zosǝ); PGB *sǝsu (with assimilation < *sǝzu). The PTs reconstruction can be done only if we assume an assimilation (rather natural) in both subgroups.

Proto-Tsezian: *zürV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: shed, cattle-shed

Ginukh: zoro

Bezhta: sijo

Gunzib: sɨrǝ

Comments: PGB *sɨrǝ (cf. also Bezht. Khosh., Tlad. siro).

Proto-Tsezian: *zʷɨrV A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: an alcoholic beverage (beer)

Tsezi: zeru / zero

Ginukh: zere

Khvarshi: zila (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: zɨlo

Bezhta: suro (Khosh.)

Gunzib: suru (Gunz.)

Comments: PTsKh *zɨRV; PGB *suru.