Tsezian etymology : Query result

Proto-Tsezian: *=iʁ:ʷ- ( ~ -ɨ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to lose, be defeated

Tsezi: =eʁʷ-

Khvarshi: iʁʷ- (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: =üw- (Tlad.)

Comments: PTsKh *=iʁʷ-. Cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =üw-.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ihV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: small, little

Ginukh: ehe-nnu

Bezhta: =üwerö (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ijeru

Comments: PGB *-iʔV-ru.

Proto-Tsezian: *=iIžV (~-ž:-) B

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 big 2 many

Tsezi: =eIže 1

Ginukh: =eIži 1

Inkhokvari: ez-za-ʕan 2

Gunzib: =iže-q̇ 2

Comments: PTsKh *=ɨIžV.

Proto-Tsezian: *=iʎ(:)- (~ɨ,L,L:)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to beat

Tsezi: =eʎ-

Comments: Attested only in Tsez. (therefore there are so many variants of reconstruction), but having possible external parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *=iƛ̣-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: kill

Bezhta: =iƛ̣-

Gunzib: =iƛ̣-

Comments: PGB *-iƛ̣-. With Ablaut cf. perhaps also Bezht. (Tlad.) =äƛ̣-el- 'to beat, to hit' (in Tlad. the root =iƛ̣-, besides 'to kill' means also 'to throw').

Proto-Tsezian: *=iq̇-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to know

Tsezi: ij-

Ginukh: =üq̇-

Khvarshi: =iq̇-

Inkhokvari: =iq̇I-

Bezhta: =iq̇-

Gunzib: =iq̇-

Comments: PTsKh *=iq̇- (-ü- in Gin. is secondary), PGB *=iq̇-.

Proto-Tsezian: *=iq̇-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to grow

Bezhta: =iq̇- (Tlad.)

Comments: Attested only in Bezht., but having probable external parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ĩs-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to wash

Tsezi: =es-ad- (Radzhibov)

Khvarshi: es-an- (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: niz-ah- (Tlad.)

Comments: PTsKh *=[ĩ]s-; cf. also Bezht. Khosh. niz-ā-.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ĩs-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to pray

Tsezi: =es-ur- (Radzhibov)

Khvarshi: is-aχ- (Radzhibov)

Gunzib: =ĩz-al-

Comments: PTsKh *=is-.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ĩs:- / *=ɨ̃s:- A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to say, speak

Tsezi: =es-

Ginukh: =es-

Khvarshi: =is-

Inkhokvari: =is-

Bezhta: nis-

Gunzib: nɨs-

Comments: PTsKh *=is-, PGB *n-ɨs- (*=ɨ̃s-).

Proto-Tsezian: *=[i]š-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to bake, roast

Tsezi: =eš-ad- (Radzhibov)

Ginukh: =eš-

Khvarshi: iš-an-

Inkhokvari: iš-an-

Bezhta: žiž-äh-

Gunzib: žǝž-

Comments: PTsKh *=iš-; PGB *ž[i]ž-. The PGB form is reduplicated. Vowel reconstruction not quite certain (Ablaut?).

Proto-Tsezian: *=iš- (~-ɨ-,-ž(:)-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to grow

Bezhta: =iž- (Tlad.)

Comments: Attested only in Bezht., but having probable external parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *=iš:ʷ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to break, be broken

Tsezi: =ešu-ʎ- (Radzhibov)

Khvarshi: k-ušej-ʎ- (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: =iš- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =iš-

Comments: PTsKh *=išʷ-; PGB *=iš- (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =iš-, and causative counterparts: Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. =iš-el-, Gunz. =iš-ḳ- 'to break').

Proto-Tsezian: *=iṭ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to divide

Tsezi: =eṭʷ- (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: =iṭ- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =iṭ-

Comments: PGB *=iṭ- (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =iṭ-). The source of labialisation in Tsezi is not clear.

Proto-Tsezian: *=iṭʷ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to sleep 2 to lie down

Ginukh: =oṭ- 2

Bezhta: =uṭ- 1

Gunzib: =uṭ- 1

Comments: PGB *=uṭ-.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ĩχ:ʷ- A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to slaughter

Tsezi: =eχʷ-ad- (Radzhibov)

Ginukh: =eχʷ-

Khvarshi: =iχʷ-ad-

Inkhokvari: =uχ-ad-

Bezhta: =ũχ- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ũχ-

Comments: PTsKh *=iχʷ-; PGB *=ũχ- (cf. also Bezht. Tlad. =uχ-).

Proto-Tsezian: *=iχʷ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to die

Tsezi: =eχʷ-

Ginukh: =uh-

Khvarshi: =ih-

Inkhokvari: =uh-

Bezhta: =uʁ-

Gunzib: =uh-

Comments: PTsKh *=iχ̥1̇ʷ- (~-ɨ-), PGB *=uʁ-. Cf. also the PTs causative ('to kill') *=iχ̥1̇ʷ-Vl- (Tsez. =eχur-, Gin. =uher-, Bezht. =uʁol-, Gunz. =uhl-).

Proto-Tsezian: *=ĩz(:)ʷ- ( ~ -ɨ̃-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to look 2 to search

Tsezi: =ezʷ- 1

Ginukh: =ez- 1

Bezhta: =ĩz- 2 (Tlad.)

Comments: PTsKh *=izʷ- ( ~ -ɨ-,-Ṽ-). Cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =iz- 'to search'.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ĩž- (~-ž:-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to sow 2 seed

Tsezi: ʕeži 2

Ginukh: eži 2

Khvarshi: iž-a 1

Inkhokvari: ižu 2

Bezhta: =iž- 1

Gunzib: =ĩž- 1

Comments: The word for 'seed' in Tsezian languages (PTs *ʔĩž(:)V A, PTsKh *ʔižV [cf. also Inkh. ižu], PGB *ʔĩžu > Gunz. ĩžu, Bezht. ižo, dial. izo) is derived from the verb *=ĩž- 'to sow'. Cf. also another derivate: PTs *ʔĩž(:) 'sieve'> Gunz. ĩž [NB: there is a misprint - ĩz - in the MSU recording; correct is Bokarev's spelling], Bezht. ĩz, Tlad. ĩž, Khosh. iz, Gin. ez.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨ̃c- B

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to bind, to tie

Tsezi: =ic-

Khvarshi: =ãc-

Inkhokvari: =õc-

Bezhta: =ĩc- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ɨ̃c-

Comments: PTsKh *=ǝ̃c-; PGB *=ɨ̃c-.