Tsezian etymology : Query result

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨcʷ- ( ~ -i-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to melt, thaw 2 to pour

Tsezi: =ec- 1

Ginukh: =ec- 1

Khvarshi: ec-ah- (Radzhibov) 1

Bezhta: =uc-/=ũc- 1,2

Gunzib: =ũc- 1

Comments: PGB *=uc- / *=ũc- (nasalisation can be due to the influence of another root, cf. PEC *=iʒ_wVn 'to strain, filter'); PTsKh *=ɨc- (~-i-).

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨgV (~-ǝ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: good

Tsezi: =igu

Ginukh: =egi

Khvarshi: =agu

Inkhokvari: =ogu

Comments: PTsKh *=ǝg/u/.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨ̃ƛ- / *ƛV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to sleep 2 dream

Tsezi: moƛu 2

Ginukh: moƛu 2

Khvarshi: ƛe-s- 1, muƛu 2

Inkhokvari: moƛu 2

Bezhta: maƛo 2

Gunzib: =ɨ̃ƛ- 1, mɔƛu 2

Comments: The original verbal root is preserved only in Khvarsh. ( within a former compound with a reduction of the initial vowel) and in Gunz. Much wider spread is the deverbative *mɔƛu A 'dream' (PTsKh *moƛu, PGB *mɔƛu).

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨƛʷV(-ru)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hard 2 quick, swift

Tsezi: =aIƛo-w 1,2

Ginukh: =oƛoju 1,2

Khvarshi: =ejƛu 1,2

Inkhokvari: =ɨƛƛu 1

Bezhta: =iƛaro (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ɨƛeru (Gunz.) 1

Comments: PTsKh *=ɨƛʷV-ju; PGB *=ɨƛVru. In PTsKh *-ru (analysed as a frequent adjectival suffix) was superseded by a functionally analogous morpheme, *-ju - but external data are in favour of considering *-ru here as belonging to the root. Bokarev lists in Gunzib r-iƛeru 'cruel' which is obviously the same word as the MSU recording =ɨƛeru 'hard'.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨ̃q-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to find

Bezhta: =ĩq- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ɨ̃q-

Comments: PGB *=ɨ̃q-.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨqʷ- /*q(ʷ)ɨ-d-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: thick (of liquids)

Tsezi: qedju

Inkhokvari: =uqqIu

Comments: PTsKh *=ɨqʷV-ju ( > Inkh. =uqqIu) / *-(ɨ)qʷɨ-diju (with a productive adjectival suffix, > Tsez. qedju).

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨq̇-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to be hungry

Gunzib: =ɨq̇-

Comments: Attested only in Gunzib, but having probable external parallels. Cf. also the derivate: Gunz. bɨq̇a 'hunger'.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨ̃s:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to sell

Tsezi: =is- (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: =is- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ɨ̃s-

Comments: PGB *=ɨ̃s- (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =is-).

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨ̃ṭ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to drop, drip 2 drop

Tsezi: eṭ- 1 (Radzhibov)

Ginukh: muṭ 2

Khvarshi: muṭ 2 (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: mɨṭ 2

Bezhta: =õṭ- 1 (Tlad.)

Comments: PTsKh *mɨṭ (a deverbal noun < *b-ɨ̃ṭ, cf. the verbal root preserved in Tsez.). Another derivate of the same root (with Ablaut) is PTsKh *ʔãṭV- 'wet' > Tsez. aṭju, Gin. aṭṭu, Inkh. aṭamu ( < *ʔaṭṼju).

Proto-Tsezian: *=[ɨ]χ:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: tall, high, large

Tsezi: =iχ-iju

Inkhokvari: =ɨχu

Comments: PTsKh *=[ɨ]χ-(ij)u. Tsez. -i- is probably assimilated < *=eχ-iju (the normal correspondence for Inkh. ɨ is Tsez. e).

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨχ:ɔlV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: long

Tsezi: =eχora

Ginukh: =oχoru

Khvarshi: =eχʷla

Inkhokvari: =ɨχala

Bezhta: =iχalo

Gunzib: =ɨχǝlu

Comments: PTsKh *=ɨχolV, PGB *=ɨχVlu.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨχ:V- A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: warm

Ginukh: =eχƛ̣es

Khvarshi: =eχχu

Inkhokvari: =ɨχχu

Bezhta: iχijo

Gunzib: =ɨχχu

Comments: PTsKh *=ɨχ-, PGB *=ɨχ-. This is a verbal stem, cf. Gunz. =ɨχ-la 'to warm up, get warm'.

Proto-Tsezian: *=o( ̃)qʷ- B (~-e-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to go 2 to come

Tsezi: oq- (Radzhibov)

Khvarshi: =eqʷ- 1

Inkhokvari: =eqʷ- 1

Comments: PTsKh *=eqʷ-.

Proto-Tsezian: *=oc- ( ~ -ǝ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to knead (dough)

Bezhta: =oc-il- (Khosh.)

Comments: Attested only in Bezht., but having probable external parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *=oc̣- B

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to drive, urge

Tsezi: =oc̣-

Khvarshi: =ec̣- (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: =oc̣- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =oc̣-

Comments: PTsKh *=öc̣-; PGB *=oc̣- (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =oc̣-).

Proto-Tsezian: *=oc̣V A (~-u-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cold

Khvarshi: =ujc̣-

Inkhokvari: =uc̣c̣u

Comments: PTsKh *-uc̣-iju.

Proto-Tsezian: *=oč̣-iju

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: empty

Khvarshi: l-ujč̣a (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: =öč̣ijo (Khosh.)

Gunzib: =oč̣č̣u

Comments: PGB *=oč̣-iju.

Proto-Tsezian: *=oḳʷ- B

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to beat, hit

Tsezi: =oḳ-

Ginukh: =üḳ-

Khvarshi: =eḳʷ-

Inkhokvari: =eḳʷ-

Bezhta: g=oḳ- (Khosh.)

Comments: PTsKh *=öḳʷ-. In Bezht. the class markers interact with the vowel (1st cl. goḳ-, 2/5 cl. giḳ-, 3/4 cl. guḳ-, 1-2 cl. pl. guwaḳ-).

Proto-Tsezian: *=oL:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to thresh

Bezhta: =ol-

Comments: The verb is attested only in Bezht. Much wider spread are the nominal derivates:

1. PTs *rɔLV A: Tsez. reʎa-j, Gin. reʎa, Khvarsh. loʎe, Inkh. lolo (PTsKh *RoLV), Bezht. Tlad. ral, Gunz. rɔl 'threshing' (PGB *rɔl).

2. PTs *mɨLǝ A: Tsez. meʎi, Gin. meʎe, Khvarsh. meʎa, Inkh. mulo-lo (PTsKh *mɨLǝ), Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. mur, Gunz. mɨlu (PGB *mɨl(u)) 'threshing board'. Bezht. has here -r- instead of -l- probably because of dissimilation which occurred in the oblique base (cf. Tlad. mur-li-, Khosh. mur-li-) and later was extended to the direct base.

Proto-Tsezian: *=õs:- B

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to fall down, be scattered

Ginukh: =iš-

Bezhta: =õs- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =õs-

Comments: PGB *=õs- (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =os-).