Tsezian etymology : Query result

Proto-Tsezian: *=ũq- (~*-ĩqʷ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to eat

Bezhta: =üq-

Gunzib: =ũq-

Comments: PGB *=ũq-.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ũq̇-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to bend

Bezhta: =ü̃q̇- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ũq̇-

Comments: PGB *=ũq̇- (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =üq̇-).

Proto-Tsezian: *=[u]q̇V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 big 2 many

Tsezi: =aq̇Iu 2

Khvarshi: =uq̇- 1

Inkhokvari: =uq̇Iq̇Iu 1

Bezhta: =üq̇ö 1

Gunzib: =ɨq̇u 1

Comments: PTsKh *=uq̇-; PGB *=[u]q̇u (unclear is the -ɨ- vowel in Gunz.).

Proto-Tsezian: *=us- ( ~ -z-,-z:-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to roll, whirl; to run

Bezhta: =uz- (Khosh.)

Comments: Attested only in Bezht., but having probable external parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *=uš:V- ( ~ -š-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 fat, thick 2 fat (of meat)

Tsezi: =ušš-ǟ-si 2

Khvarshi: =ujša (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: =öšerö (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ošeru

Comments: PGB *=oše-ru (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =öšö-rö); PTsKh *=uš-iju.

Proto-Tsezian: *=uṭ- ( ~ -o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to pluck, pull out

Tsezi: =uṭ-

Ginukh: =uṭ-

Khvarshi: =uṭ- (Radzhibov)

Comments: PTsKh *=uṭ-.

Proto-Tsezian: *=uχ:ʷ- B

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to come

Tsezi: neχw-

Ginukh: noχ-

Khvarshi: =iχw-

Inkhokvari: =uχ-

Comments: PTsKh *=u_χʷ-.

Proto-Tsezian: *=Vḳi[č̣]-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to jump, run, fly

Bezhta: =oḳic̣- 2

Gunzib: =eḳič- 2

Comments: PGB *=Vḳi[č̣] (an expressive root with violation of sound correspondences).

Proto-Tsezian: *=Ṽš:V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 short 2 thin 3 narrow

Tsezi: niši, nišju 1,2

Ginukh: niššu 2

Khvarshi: niššü 2 (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: niššu 2,3

Bezhta: =ašo 1; šušijo 2

Gunzib: =ɔ̃šu 1; šũššu2

Comments: PTsKh *n[e]š(-iju), PGB *=ɔ̃šu (cf. also Khosh. =ä̃ššö, šüšijö). The meaning "thin" in PGB is expressed by a reduplication *šũš(-iju). Vocalic correlations between all these variants are somewhat unclear (traces of Ablaut?).

Proto-Tsezian: *=Vw-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to do, to make

Tsezi: =o-d-

Ginukh: =uw-

Khvarshi: =uw-

Inkhokvari: =ij-

Bezhta: =ow- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =uw

Comments: PTsKh *-Vw- (with secondary -j- in Inkh.; -d- in Tsez. is a frequentative suffix); PGB *-Vw-. The root vowel is hard to reconstruct because of the influence of -w- and Ablaut.

Proto-Tsezian: *=Vχ:ʷ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to dig

Tsezi: χʷa-ƛ- (Radzhibov)

Khvarshi: =uχ-

Gunzib: ɔχ-d-

Comments: PTsKh *=uχʷ-; the PTs vocalism is not clear.

Proto-Tsezian: *-ɔƛ̣-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: call

Tsezi: g-oƛ̣-

Khvarshi: g-oƛ̣-

Comments: PTsKh *g-oƛ̣-.

Proto-Tsezian: *-ɔL

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to be (auxiliary verb)

Tsezi: joʎ

Ginukh: goʎa

Khvarshi: goʎe

Inkhokvari: goli

Bezhta: gäʎi (Khosh.)

Gunzib: li / lo

Comments: The verb occurs either with a preverb (*g-ɔL) or without it (in this case sometimes with initial reduction: Gunz. li / lo). In Bezhta the Khosh. form (gäʎi) is regular; other dialects reveal irregular transformations (Bezht. proper gej, Tlad. gel).

The same root with Ablaut is used in PGB with the meaning 'to finish': PGB *=oL- > Bezht. Tlad. =oʎ-, Gunz. =ol-. The original meaning of the verb had been 'to lie, to (be) put' - as seen both from the external evidence and from the old derived noun *r-ɨLǝ A 'sheath, scabbard': PTsKh *Rɨ̃Lǝ ( < *RɨLǝ-n) > Tsez. reʎo / reʎi, Inkh. nɨno; PGB *rɨLǝ (Bezht. iʎo, Khosh., Tlad. riʎo, Gunz. rɨlǝ).

Proto-Tsezian: *papa-ṭu

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: butterfly

Ginukh: papaṭu

Bezhta: papaṭo

Gunzib: papaṭu

Comments: PGB *papaṭu. The root has a frequent expressive suffix *-ṭu.

Proto-Tsezian: *par- ( ~ -ɔ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to wave, sway, heave

Bezhta: par-ƛ- (Tlad.)

Comments: Attested only in Bezht. (cf. also Khosh. par-ƛ- id.), but having probable external parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *per B (~-ɨ-,-ǝ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bee

Khvarshi: par

Inkhokvari: por

Comments: PTsKh *pǝr.

Proto-Tsezian: *peṭi

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: honeycomb

Bezhta: peṭi

Comments: Isolated in Bezht., but with probable external parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *pipe B

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: plane-tree 1 beech-tree 2 cudgel

Ginukh: pepi 1

Khvarshi: pepe 2

Bezhta: pipe 1

Gunzib: pibe-s

Comments: PTsKh *pɨpe; PGB *pipe.

Proto-Tsezian: *pɨ A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 blood vessel 2 pipe, reed-pipe

Tsezi: pelu 2

Khvarshi: pili (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: pi 1

Gunzib: pǝ 1

Comments: PTsKh *pilV; PGB *pɨ, obl. *pɨlV- (cf. Bezht. pili-). For PTs *pɨlV must be reconstructed as the oblique base (which became direct in Tsez.). The variation in meaning is probably archaic (reflected also in other EC languages).

Proto-Tsezian: *pɨdʷV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: feather

Bezhta: pudo

Gunzib: pode

Comments: PGB *podV/*pudV (vowel vacillation possibly reflects the earlier labialisation).