Tsezian etymology : Query result

Proto-Tsezian: *=[e]χ:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to rub 2 to wipe oneself 3 to paint 4 to smear

Tsezi: t-eχ-r- 3

Ginukh: =iχ- 1, =eχ- 4

Khvarshi: =eχ- 2

Bezhta: häχ- (Khosh.) 4

Gunzib: k-aχ- 4

Comments: PTsKh *=eχ- (/ *t-iχ-), PGB *-aχ- (used only with prefixes; cf. also the Ablaut grade *=eχ- in Gunz. =ẽχ-el- 'to smear', Bezht. =eχ-el 'to paint'). Different vowels reflect old Ablaut grades.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ẽχ:- ( ~ -ʁ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to touch 2 to get (somewhere)

Bezhta: =ẽχ- 1 (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ẽχ- 2

Comments: PGB *=ẽχ- (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =eχ- 'to touch', =eχ-el- 'to shut (door, gate)').

Proto-Tsezian: *=eχ:- (~ -ʁ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to shave

Gunzib: =eχ-ḳ-

Comments: A compound verb (with a not quite clear second part - perhaps, PTs *=[a]ḳ- 'to beat, hit'?).

Proto-Tsezian: *=eχV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 bottom 2 knees

Tsezi: waħu 1 (Kid.)

Bezhta: beʁe 2

Comments: One of the roots with former class prefixes (w- in Tsez., b- in Bezht.); cf. also Bezht. Khosh., Tlad. beʁ 'groin'. The meaning 'knees, groin' is obviously secondary ( < *'lower part of body').

In Tsez. the word is also used as an adverb ('below'), and is sometimes provided with the locative ending -ƛ: waħ-ƛ > waIƛ. Probably the same root (with initial reduction) was used in PTsKh to denote 'behind': PTsKh *χ̥1̇[e]-zV- (Tsez. χizäz, Gin. hezo-); cf. an analogous reduction in PA *χi- > Tind. χe-ri 'behind'.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ež(:)- A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to carry 2 to lead 3 to take 4 to gain, win

Tsezi: =iž- 1,2

Ginukh: =iž- 4

Bezhta: =ež- 1 (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ež- 1,3

Comments: PGB *=ež- (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =ež-). PTsKh *=ež-.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ǝ̃ʔ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: come

Gunzib: nǝʔ-

Comments: Isolated in Gunz. (initial n- points to root nasalisation), but having probable parallels in Andian languages and elsewhere.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ǝʔ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to get lost, disappear

Bezhta: =oʔ- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ǝʔ-

Comments: PGB *=ǝʔ-.

Proto-Tsezian: *=[ǝ]c̣-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: full

Tsezi: =ic̣c̣äsi

Ginukh: =ič̣iš

Khvarshi: =ejc̣u

Inkhokvari: =ec̣c̣u

Bezhta: oc̣iro (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ǝc̣ǝru

Comments: All forms are verbal adjectives from the verb PTs *=[ǝ]c̣- 'be full, get filled up', cf. PTsKh *=ec̣- >Tsez. =ic̣-, Gin. =ič̣-, Khv. (caus.) =ec̣-χ-, PGB *=ǝc̣- > Bezht. =oc̣-, Gunz. =ǝc̣-. The vowel correspondence between PTsKh *-e- and PGB *-ǝ- is irregular.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ǝƛ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to plough

Tsezi: =iƛ-

Ginukh: =eƛ-

Khvarshi: =aƛ-

Bezhta: =oƛ- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ǝƛ-

Comments: PTsKh *=ǝƛ-; PGB *=ǝƛ- (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =oƛ-).

Proto-Tsezian: *=ǝṭ- / *ṭǝṭ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to break (intr.) 2 to hew, chop 3 to throw 4 broken piece

Tsezi: ṭiṭ- 1 (Radzhibov), ṭiṭu 4

Ginukh: =eṭ- 1

Khvarshi: =iṭ- 1,2 (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: ṭoṭ- 2,3 (Tlad)

Gunzib: ṭǝṭ- 2,3

Comments: PTsKh *=[ǝ]ṭ- / *ṭǝṭ-; PGB *ṭǝṭ- (a reduplicated form; without reduplication cf. Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. =öṭ- 'to dig').

Proto-Tsezian: *=ǝ̃χ:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to hang

Tsezi: =iχ-

Khvarshi: =aχ-

Inkhokvari: =oχ-

Bezhta: =oχ- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ǝ̃χ-

Comments: PTsKh *=ǝχ-; PGB *=ǝ̃χ-.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ĩʔ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to send 2 to let

Bezhta: =ẽj- (Tlad.) 2

Gunzib: =ĩʔ- 1

Comments: PGB *=ĩʔ-.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ic- ( ~ -ɨ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to press out, squeeze out 2 to be squeezed

Tsezi: cec- 1

Khvarshi: cec- 1 (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: =ic- 2

Comments: The Tsez. stem is reduplicated (cf. Av. c̣:ac̣:á-); in Bezht. cf. also the causative =ic-ol 'to squeeze out' (perhaps also Bezht. Tlad. coc-ƛ- 'to suck', Tsez. coco-liχ- id.). For derivates cf. perhaps Gin. rocij-mu 'sieve'.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ič-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to peel, take off skin 2 to skin

Bezhta: =ič- 1 (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =iče-l- 2

Comments: Cf. also Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. =iče-l- 'to skin' (a causative form = Gunz. =iče-l-). PGB *=ič-.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ič-il-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: rich

Bezhta: =ičilo

Comments: Attested only in Bezht., but having probable external parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ič̣-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to run

Gunzib: =ič̣-

Comments: Attested only in Gunz., but having probable Andian parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *=ič̣ʷ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to cut, chop

Tsezi: =eč̣ʷ-

Ginukh: =oc̣-

Khvarshi: =ič̣-

Inkhokvari: =ič̣-

Bezhta: =üč̣- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =uč̣-

Comments: PTsKh *=ič̣ʷ-; PGB *=uč̣- (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =üč̣-).

Proto-Tsezian: *=id- ( ~ -ɨ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to shave

Tsezi: =ed-

Comments: Attested only in Tsez., but having probable external parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *=igʷV (~-ɨ-,-ǝ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: small

Ginukh: =egʷej

Comments: An isolated Gin. form, but with possible external correspondences.

Proto-Tsezian: *=iʁ(:)V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: small

Tsezi: =eʁe

Khvarshi: iʁa(j) (Radzhibov)

Comments: PTsKh *=iʁV.