Comment: In Arch. the root is reduplicated; the Tsakh., Kryz. and Bud. forms contain preverbs. The original meaning was probably broader, cf. the derived adjective: Tab. urc-ru (Kand. je-cru, Düb. re-cüri), Tsakh. Gelm. hicca-χa-ń (with expressive gemination) 'hot'.
Comment: Cf. also Ag. Bursh. aʕ-za- 'to stand', Tsakh. o=zar- 'to become tired' (for the semantics cf. Russ. 'стоять' - 'уставать'). In Tab. there exist two synonymous variants: ʁ-uz-uz (Düb. uʒ-us) and ʁ-ud-už̌-uz (Düb. q:-uǯ̌-us) 'stand up', reflecting probably proto-Tabasaran variants *ʔoc:V- (with secondary delabialisation) and *ʔec:ʷV- (preserving the labialisation). Note the common prefixation (*q:-) in Lezg., Tab., Ag., Kryz. and Bud.
See Бокарев 1961, 65; Лексика 1971, 243; Гигинейшвили 1977, 84.
Meaning:1 to wave 2 to stir, shake 3 roll, knead (dough)
Tabasaran:ṭ-u=č:̌- 1
Agul:t:ut:- 1
Rutul:s-u=de- 2(Khniukh.)
Tsakhur:h-a=t:al- 3
Kryz:w-u=tl- 2
Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. d-u=č:̌-, Ag. Bursh. t:ult:an- 'to wave'. The Tab. form contains an expressive preverb.The verb belongs to the strong PL conjugation class.
Meaning:1 to steal, conceal 2 to hide 3 to choose 4 to put
Tabasaran:hiṭ-i=ḳ- 1,2
Agul:iḳ- 4
Rutul:gi=irḳa- 2
Archi:e=ḳa- 3
Comment: Cf. also Ag. qat:-iḳ-, Bursh. qat-ḳi- 'to steal; to unlock', Arch. dur. =erḳu-r, Tsakh. ʁale=ḳʷa- 'to lie down, to sleep', perhaps also Tab. ul-u=ḳ- 'to put on (hat, cap)'. The verb belongs to the strong verb class. In Tab. there also exists a nominal derivate: iḳ 'theft'.
Meaning:1 to put 2 put on (clothes) 3 write 4 bury; steal
Lezghian:k-xi- 3
Agul:ix- 1
Rutul:l-i=xe- 1
Tsakhur:g-ixe- 1
Kryz:q:-ix- 2
Budukh:q:-ɨx- 2
Archi:e=ʎa- 4
Udi:l-aχ- 1
Comment: Cf. also Ag. Bursh. iši-,ala-ši- 'to put'. All the diverse meanings in modern languages (cf. also Rut. l-i=xe-,ʁi-xe- 'to hit' = Ag. ʁa-jx- 'to throw, to winnow'; Ag. k-ix-, Rut. k-i=xe- 'to write' = Lezg. k-xi-) are easily explained from the original meaning '*put'. Some languages (Lezg., Rut., Tsakh., Shakh-Dagh, Ud.) have preserved the root only with preverbs. The Auslaut *-e is reconstructed on basis of Lezg. (cf. also pret. k-xe-na), Rut. and Tsakh. forms. Archi seems to point to a labialised Auslaut, cf. Arch. dur. =erʎu-r - but this is obviously due to contamination with a similar root: Arch. e=ʎ:a-, dur. =erʎ:u-r 'put, lie' (see PL *ʔeʎ:ʷɨ-).
Comment: Cf. also Ag. fat:-ix- 'to lie down', Ag. Bursh. am-exu-s 'stay', Arch. dur. =erʎ:u-r; Rut. k-i=xʷa-, Tsakh. g-i=xa- 'to get into'. The stem is partially contaminated with PL *ʔarʎɨ- 'fall' and *ʔeʎe- 'put' q.v.
Meaning:1 to burn 2 to get heated 3 warm 4 to boil
Lezghian:ife- 2
Tabasaran:k-a=x- (Düb.)
Agul:k-ejxi- (Bursh.)
Rutul:u=xʷa- 1
Tsakhur:k-o=xar- 4
Budukh:fe-ji 3
Comment: Cf. also Ag. Bursh. k-ejxi- 'to burn'. The Tsakh. form poses some problems. In the Tsakh. dialect Talibov has noted only q-o-xan- 'boil' which obviously must belong to another root (see *ʔVrʎ:an). However, in the Mikik dialect both k-o=xar- 'boil' and ǵ-o=x:an- 'burn (intr.)' had been written down - with seemingly reversed semantics. This is either a result of interdialectal mixture or faulty notice.
There is a great deal of confusion in the Tsakh. recordings as to the tenseness of -x- (-x:-) in this root, thus the PL reconstruction (*-ʎʷ- or *-ʎ:ʷ-) is not clear in this point.
Comment: Cf. also Arch. dur. =erƛ̣:u-r, Tab. Düb. ǯi=ɣ-, Kand. ǯi=ḳ- / il-č̣i=k-, Ag. Bursh. ǯika-. The Archi form is the most archaic; other languages reflect a form with an expressive preverb (*č:- or *č̣-) and irregular dissimilative / assimilative developments of the second consonant. See Trubetzkoy 1922, 241.
Meaning:1 to detain 2 to close in 3 to expel 4 to compel
Tabasaran:d-e=k:- 1
Agul:q-ik:ʷ- 2
Rutul:h-e=ga- 3
Tsakhur:al-ik:a- 4
Comment: The verb belongs to the weak class in PL. Delabialisation in Rut. and Tsakh. is possibly due to contamination with *ʔerƛ̣:a- 'to drive, compel'.
