Comment: A regular palatalisation of *t- before a front vowel occurred in Kryz., Bud. and Ud. In some languages irregular changes occurred: cf. Tab. Düb. küt (with metathesis and assimilative weakening *k:üt > küt); Kryz. ǯek (with irregular voicing). The word belongs to the 3d class in Kryz. and Bud., but to the 4th in Arch. and Rut.
Comment: Obl. base *t:alɨ-, cf. Rut. dalɨ-, Tsakh. dalɨ-. The root means also 'stalk', 'stick' or 'thick log' in different Rut. dialects. 3d class in Rut. and Arch., but 4th class in Tsakh.
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Akht. t:üd-ʁʷer, Khl. ṭʷed-ʁʷaIr (labialisation in the Lezg. reflex is secondary, due to the labialising influence of ʁʷ). The Lezg. and Rut. forms are compounds with PL *χ:IarV 'butter' q.v., and thus go back to *t:alc̣[u]-χI:ar; the first component corresponds to Tab. and Ag. darc: perfectly well. Medial *-l- is reconstructed on basis of Tab./Ag. forms (original *-r- would remain in Lezg. and Rut.).
Comment: Obl. base not quite clear (Lezg. t:amu- and Rut. damɨ- seem to contradict to Tsakh. dama). 4th class in Rut., but 3d in Tsakh. The original meaning was probably 'forest near the river-bank' (whence, on one hand, 'forest', on the other - 'river'); cf. the meaning of related forms in Darg. [It is not excluded that the old meaning 'edge' is preserved in Ud. dömbä 'corner, edge' - which otherwise has an obscure etymology. Cf. also Ag. Fit. damb 'tomb-stone' which may preserve a rather archaic phonetic and semantic shape].
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. t:äχIʷ, Rut. Khnov. daqIʷ. Reflexes of *qIʷ are irregular: we should expect -ʁʷ in Lezg. and -χIʷ in Rut. (perhaps the irregularity is due to labialisation?). 4th class in Rut.
Comment: Obl. base *t:ara- (cf. Lezg. t:ara, Ag. dara-). 3d class in Kryz. and Bud. We should, perhaps, relate to the same root (with reduplication) Ud. durut: 'log'.
Comment: The verbal stem (with the preverb *t:-) is attested only in Arch. and Rut. However, the Lezgian languages also reflect two nominal derivates from the same root:
a) *b-arχV-n ("something cut > wound > pus, abscess"): Lezg. barχun 'pus', Tab. barχun 'pus, abscess', Ag. balχun (Fit. barχun, Burk. balχun; -l- in Rich. and Burk. is not quite clear - perhaps from *b-arχV-l with shift of liquid ?) 'pus';
b) *ƛ̣:-irχV-t: with the same meaning: Rut. girχɨd 'abscess' (note the -i-vocalism reflecting the old Avlaut *a/i).
Semantic shifts like "to cut" > "wound" are rather usual in Caucasian languages, thus all the listed derivates belong to this root with high probability.
Comment: Cf. also Ag. Burk. (Shaumyan) deχe 'quick'. Lezghian languages reflect two stems: *t:-äχV- (with an aspectual prefix *t:-) and *u_-iχV- (with a class prefix *u_-), connected by Ablaut (*ä/i). Shakhdagh > Khin. daχ 'quickly'.
