Lezghian etymology : Query result

Proto-Lezghian: *t:iʎ:ʷ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cloud

Lezghian: c:if

Tabasaran: dif

Agul: dif

Kryz: ǯif

Budukh: ǯuf

Archi: diʎʷ

Comment: Other relevant forms: Tab. Khür. dif:, Ag. Bursh. dif:, Arch. erg. diʎ:ʷili, pl. doʎ:or (all pointing to PL *ʎ:ʷ). Vowel base unclear (mostly consonantal affixes in modern languages). 4th class in Arch., Kryz. and Bud. See Гигинейшвили 1977, 76; Талибов 1980, 279.

Proto-Lezghian: *t:irq̇(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bank, shore

Agul: dirʕ (Tp.)

Comment: The form is cited from Shaumyan; it is isolated in Ag. and may be borrowed from Dargwa (in which case the PL form *t:irq̇(a) does not exist).

Proto-Lezghian: *t:oIt:

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: throat, gullet

Lezghian: t:üd

Tabasaran: düd

Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. düṭü 'gullet' (with expressive glottalisation); Lezg. erg. t:üt:ü-ni, Lezg. Khl. t:üd (erg. t:üt:ʷé-di). Cf. also the derivate *t:oIt:VχI > Tab. düdüχI 'gullet; craw, crop', Lezg. t:üt:üχ (Khl. tü̆t:üχ) 'throat'.

Proto-Lezghian: *t:om ?

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: tail

Lezghian: t:um

Comment: A purely Lezgian root (cf. also Khl. t:ɨm) without clear etymology.

Proto-Lezghian: *t:or-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: godeḳan (place for community meetings)

Archi: dori

Comment: Attested only in Archi, but having probable external parallels.

Proto-Lezghian: *t:ozV- ?

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: big

Archi: doIz

Comment: An isolated Arch. form with obscure etymology.

Proto-Lezghian: *t:uč ( ~ -o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bundle (of firewood)

Agul: duč

Comment: Attested only in Ag., but having probable external parallels.

Proto-Lezghian: *t:ulV- ?

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: near

Tsakhur: dülesɨn

Comment: An isolated Tsakh.word with no etymology.

Proto-Lezghian: *t:uq̇- (~d,-o-,-Vq̇ʷ)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 pole, small beam 2 beam;stone for fastening roof

Tabasaran: duq̇an 1

Agul: duq̇ur 2

Comment: The root contains different suffixes (*-Vn in Tab., *-Vr in Ag.).

Proto-Lezghian: *t:uwVl ?

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: root

Lezghian: duvul

Comment: An isolated lezgian word (in dialects cf. Khl. t:ʷɨl id.) with obscure etymology.

Proto-Lezghian: *t:V-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: not

Lezghian: t:-

Tabasaran: d-

Agul: d-

Tsakhur: d-

Kryz: d-

Budukh: d-

Archi: -ṭu

Udi: te

Comment: The common Lezgian negative morpheme, which could be used both in prefixed and suffixed positions. Glottalisation in Arch. is clearly secondary (the final vowel was probably originally lost, and there occurred a neutralisation of the glottalisation feature in the Auslaut position; later a new parasitic vowel was added).

See Алексеев 1985, 100-101.

Proto-Lezghian: *t:ʷaḳ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 niche 2 window 3 hole 4 watering trough

Lezghian: daḳ 1

Agul: dagar / ṭagar 2

Kryz: ṭoḳ 3

Budukh: ṭöḳe 4

Archi: ṭaḳan 5

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. daḳ-ar 'window; niche', Khl. ṭag (erg. ṭaḳa) 'window', Ag. Fit., Burk. ṭag-ar id. The Arch. word has a specific meaning: "collar for a calf" (*'a hole to put calf's head through'). Several forms reflect suffixed buildings: in *-ar (plural), in *-an (Arch.) and *-aj (Bud.). Labialisation of *t:ʷ- is suggested by the Kryz. and Bud. vowel -o-, having disappeared in other languages. Obl. base *ṭʷaḳa- is indicated by Lezg. daḳa-, Khl. ṭaḳa-. 4th class in Shakhdagh and Archi.

Proto-Lezghian: *t:ʷi(r)χ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: son

Rutul: duχ

Tsakhur: duχ / diχ

Kryz: diχ

Budukh: diχ

Comment: Medial -r- is regularly lost before uvulars in all languages preserving this root, thus it could have been there in PL (its presence is suggested by the Darg. parallel).

Proto-Lezghian: *tuj / *tutuj

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 spit, spittle 2 to spit

Tabasaran: tutu 1, tu aṗ- 2

Agul: tutu 1

Rutul: tu 1

Tsakhur: t́u 1

Archi: tu-bus 2

Comment: For the final *-j cf. Tab. pl. tutuj-ir, Ag. obl. tutuji-, Rut. tujɨ-, Tsakh. t́ujɨ-.

Cf. Гигинейшвили 1977, 80.

Proto-Lezghian: *tum(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 seed 2 grain 3 kin, tribe 4 root

Lezghian: tum 1

Tabasaran: tum 1

Agul: tum 1

Kryz: tum 1,2

Budukh: tum 1,3

Udi: tum 4

Comment: The root was borrowed from Lezg. into Azerb. tum 'seed' (not vice versa, because the Azerb. word has no Turkic etymology and even no Turkish parallel).

Proto-Lezghian: *tV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: demonstrative pronoun

Tabasaran: tu-mu

Agul: ti

Rutul: tin

Archi: to-t

Comment: The root was used for far deixis ("that") and has retained this meaning in all languages; it is opposed to PL *t:V- q.v.

Proto-Lezghian: *tV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: who

Kryz: ti

Budukh: tu

Comment: A specific Shakh-Dagh isogloss.

Proto-Lezghian: [*-tV-l]

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: plural (anim.)

Archi: -til

Proto-Lezghian: *ṭak(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hive 2 basket (for berries) 3 fire-place

Agul: ṭak 1

Rutul: ṭak 2

Kryz: ṭäk 3

Comment: 4th class in Rut. and Kryz.

Proto-Lezghian: *ṭamq̇I-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: arc, bow, hoop

Tabasaran: ṭanq̇Iu

Comment: Isolated in Tab. (with a variant: ṭanq:Iu), but having possible external parallels.