Meaning:1 lamb, ram (~ 1 y. of age) 2 male(animal) 3 sheep
Lezghian:q̇ar 1
Agul:uq̇ar-f 2
Tsakhur:woq̇Ia 3 (?)
Kryz:wiq̇ɛr 1
Budukh:wiq̇er 1
Archi:baq̇ari 1
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. jiq̇ar 'lamb', Ag. Bursh. uq̇ar 'ram'. The root means in most languages a lamb or ram around 1 year of age; only the Tsakh. meaning ("sheep") is deviant. Since the Tsakh. form reveals also some phonetic irregularities (excessive pharyngealization, -o- in the 1st syllable), it may not belong here.
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. ḳiʔ. The initial syllable with a labial is preserved in Tab., Ag., Arch. and Bud. (where ḳem-er is a metathesis < *meḳ-er /an originally plural form/); it also left a trace in lit. Lezg. (where iḳi < *jiḳi < *wɨnƛ̣ɨj). Loss of *mV- in Rut. and Tsakh. is a rare phenomen (unlike Lezg., where it is regular); in this case it may have been favoured by the analogy with another root, PL *ƛ̣un: 'malt, flour' q.v.
Meaning:1 nest, burrow 2 place 3 trivet 4 near (adv.)
Lezghian:muq̇u-w 4
Tabasaran:muq̇ 1
Agul:muq̇ 2
Rutul:muq̇ 3
Kryz:meq̇a-w 4
Archi:biq̇ʷ 2
Comment: In Arch. cf. pl. boq̇o-t (for weak *q̇ʷ). The original meaning 'place' or 'nest' is preserved in Arch. (where the word also means "case for small objects"), Tab. and Ag. (in Ag. cf. also the derived word muq̇Iuk:en 'chair, stool'). In several languages the meaning shifted to "near" (a rather frequent semantic change), both adverbially and as an adjective, cf. Lezg. muq̇ʷa, Ag. muq̇u 'near (adj.)', Rut. Khnov. muq̇ʷa-da 'near (adv.)'. Initial *w- is indicated by Arch. b-; m- in other languages requires reconstructing the medial nasal -n-.
Comment: For strong *χ:I cf. Arch. erg. baχ:Ia. Rut. juχI (a form from the Khnov dialect) < *wiχI < *wɨχ:I. Medial *-r- can be reconstructed on external evidence (both Arch. and Rut. do not preserve it before uvulars).
Comment: The initial syllable vanished in the weak position in most languages, but is preserved in Tsakh., Rut. (uq̇ul,huq̇ul or q̇ul in different dialects) and Ud. (where bul < *buʔul < *woƛ̣ul; cf. also *woƛ̣V-rV > Ud. ber 'pillow'). The Archi form is an original locative and means 'under the head'; PL *ƛ̣ should have given Arch. ḳ, but has been preserved in this exceptional form as a result of assimilation with the sublative *-ƛ̣:. The word belongs uniformly to the 3d class (in Rut., Tsakh., Kryz. and Bud.)
See Талибов 1960а, 295; Лексика 1971, 107; Гигинейшвили 1977, 69.
Meaning:1 kid (less than 1 y. old) 2 young he-goat
Tabasaran:mudur 1
Agul:mudur 1
Tsakhur:wɨdra / wudra 2
Comment: Cf. also Tsakh. Gelm. wɨdra 'he-goat'. m- in Tab. and Ag. is secondary - a result of contamination with PL *motol 'kid' (a quite distinct root).
Meaning:1 caraway 2 flour from young sprouts 3 barley
Rutul:maq̇ (Ikhr.) 1
Tsakhur:uq̇-un (Mishl.) 2
Archi:buq̇ 3
Udi:mu 3
Comment: The vocalism is hard to reconstruct (only dialectal forms in Rut. and Tsakh. are attested). In Arch. the word means 'a sp. of barley (голозерный ячмень)'; the original meaning is clearly 'grain, esp. barley grain'.
Comment: A rather obscure Udi word. It is very similar to Av.-And. and Darg. compounds meaning "sheep's tail" and thus may be a metaphorical reflection of this compound (cf. also in Avar, besides the original meaning "sheep's tail", a secondary development into "hump"). If this etymology is true, this will be the only trace of PEC *mēʁV 'tail' in Lezghian.
