Comment: An interesting Archi-Udi isogloss (not preserved in any other Lezg. language). Because of the root's peripheral distribution, it is hard to make a precise vocalic reconstruction.
Meaning:1 measure for flour 2 big metal cauldron 3 barrel
Agul:ḳʷat: 1
Kryz:ḳädɨr 2
Archi:ḳadi 1
Udi:k:ud 3
Comment: The word has frequent suffixes: *-Vj in Archi, *-Vr in Kryz. Both in Archi and Agul it denotes a big measuring vessel (for 1.5 kilograms). 3d class in Kryz, but 4th class in Archi.
Comment: An expressive root with some irregularities (loss of glottalisation in Tab.), assimilation (velar > uvular) and -R̀- instead of -ʁI- in Ag. (the Ag. form is attested in the Bursh. and Burk. dialects). 3d class in Arch.
Comment: The meanings vary greatly (Lezg. "embryo, foetus; calf"; Tab. ḳari "calf", ḳiri-q "1-y.-old calf", Ag. "calf", Rut. "dry, barren cow", Tsakh. "foal", Kryz., Bud., Ud. "bull-calf"), but all concentrate around the basic meaning "young of domestic animals". The Tsakh. forms are quoted from Ibragimov 1978, and the particular dialect is unknown; the Ud. form is all right semantically, but has undergone a rather strange metathesis, thus its belonging here may be doubted.
All forms are suffixed: either *ḳʷarV-j (Tab. ḳari, Tsakh. ḳurij, Kryz. ḳʷarä, Bud. ḳora) or *ḳʷarV-q (Lezg. q̇ɨrɨχ /with assimilation < *ḳɨrɨχ, cf. the more regular Khl. ḳeraχ/, Tab. ḳiriq, Ag. ḳeruq, Rut. ḳaraqɨj. Tsakh. ḳuruḳaj is a reduplicated form, exactly parallel to Rut. (Khniukh., quoted by Ibragimov 1978) ḳuruḳa 'foal'.
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. ḳʷeḳ, Ag. Bursh. ḳuḳ, Rut. Ikhr. ḳʷäḳ, Shin. ḳeḳ 'top' (in Rut. Luch. there occurred a dissimilation *ḳäḳ > *ḳäʔ). The obl. stem may be reconstructed as *ḳiḳʷa- (cf. Lezg. ḳuḳʷa-).
Comment: 3d class in Arch. and Kryz., 4th class in Bud. Oblique stem unclear. In Ag. there occurred a secondary voicing (through dissimilation and then assimilation); other languages point unambiguously to glottalisation of both consonants in PL.
The root should be distinguished from a synonymous *ḳäṭ (Lezg., Kryz., Bud. ḳeṭ, Tab. ḳiṭ), which, however, has no EC etymology of its own (some old dialectal variant?).
Comment: 3d class in all class-distinguishing languages. The form is reduplicated in Lezg., and has a *-j-suffix in other languages. In Rut. and Tsakh. it means specifically 'a knuckle-bone for playing, dice'.
Comment: 3d class in Arch. and Kryz. The suffixless form is reflected in Lezg. (cf. also Tab. Khan. ḳur 'wrist'); Tab. has a suffixed -m (former plural suffix), and Arch. and Kryz. reflect a common *-j - suffix (*ḳʷirVj).
Meaning:1 cave,cavity 2 earthenware stove for baking bread
Lezghian:xar 2
Tabasaran:xar 1
Agul:xar 2
Rutul:xar 2
Tsakhur:xar 2
Comment: Cf. also Tab. Ulz. xar 'cave', Ag. Bursh. xar 'stove' (both forms pointing to PL *ʎ-). Obl. base *xora- (cf. Lezg. xra-, Ag. xura-, Tab. with vowel levelling xara-). 3d class in Rut.
