Lezghian etymology : Query result

Proto-Lezghian: *lar(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: slush, mire (after rain)

Rutul: lar

Comment: Attested only in Rut., but having probable external parallels.

Proto-Lezghian: *lat

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 stone trough for watering cattle 2 spring

Lezghian: lat 1

Tabasaran: lat 2

Rutul: lat 1 (Khniukh.)

Tsakhur: lat 1 (Tsakh.)

Comment: Cf. also Tab. Kand. lat 'stone trough'. Obl. base *lata-, cf. Tab., Lezg. lata- (the Tsakh. Tsakh. oblique base latɨ- is secondary). 3d class in Rut. and Tsakh.

Proto-Lezghian: *l[a]wχ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 much, many 2 to a large extent

Lezghian: luχ 2

Archi: labχ-an 1

Comment: There are some problems with vocalism (perhaps, *a/*o Ablaut), but otherwise a quite reliable comparison.

Proto-Lezghian: *laχI:V- /*loχI:V-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: black

Rutul: lɨχIdɨ

Kryz: läħä

Budukh: laʕa

Archi: beχ:Iet:ut

Comment: In Arch. b- is probably a class marker, which has replaced the original initial *l- (its authenticity is proved by external data).

See Хайдаков 1973, 104.

Proto-Lezghian: *laχ: (~-ä-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: grain peelings

Archi: laχ

Comment: Cf. erg. leχ:i. An isolated Arch. word, but with good parallels in Lak. and Avar.

Proto-Lezghian: *laχ:a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hearth 2 oven for baking bread

Rutul: laχ 1

Tsakhur: laχ:a 2

Comment: 3d class in both languages. For the PL obl. base *laχ:ä-, besides the Tsakh. form, cf. also Rut. laχa-.

Proto-Lezghian: *läk

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 foot, leg 2 bone

Tabasaran: lik 1

Agul: lak 1

Archi: lek:i 2

Comment: Obl. base *läkɨ- or *läke-, to judge from the Ag. form laku-. In Ag. cf. also Bursh. lek.

Proto-Lezghian: *läkV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: lame

Tabasaran: liku

Kryz: luka

Archi: lak:a-t:u-

Comment: The vowel -u- in Kryz. is unclear.

Proto-Lezghian: *läḳʷ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: palate

Agul: leḳ-men

Rutul: läḳʷa

Comment: 3d class in Rut.

Proto-Lezghian: *läƛ̣

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: liver

Lezghian: leq̇

Tabasaran: liḳ

Agul: leḳ

Rutul: laq̇

Tsakhur: ḳɨl'ḳam

Kryz: läħä-läħkäm

Budukh: (laʕa)-leq̇

Comment: In Tsakh. the form is reduplicated (under influence of zɨlzam 'spleen' q.v.). In Kryz. there occurred an irregular change *läq̇ä-n > läħkän under influence of läħä 'black' (the form actually means 'black liver', cf. the same combination in Bud.). 4th class in all class-distinguishing languages.

See Бокарев 1961, 60; Лексика 1971, 122; Гигинейшвили 1977, 104.

Proto-Lezghian: *lä(m)č:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ramson

Tabasaran: liǯ-ar (Düb.)

Comment: Attested only in Tab., but having reliable external parallels.

Proto-Lezghian: *l[ä]rc:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a branch-shelter for a bee-hive

Rutul: larzij

Comment: Attested only in Rut., but having probable external parallels. Rut. -a- normally goes back to PL *a, but in a stressless position (in a disyllabic word) can probably also reflect *ä.

Proto-Lezghian: *läχa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 bracelet 2 woman's breast ornament

Tabasaran: kuliχ 1

Agul: kuleχar 2 (Bursh.)

Tsakhur: läχa 1 (Tsakh.)

Comment: The Tab. and Ag. forms reflect a compound *kʷil-läχa with *kʷil- 'hand' q.v.; cf. also (with assimilation) Tab. Düb. quliq 'bracelet' - and possibly also, with further suffixation and assimilatory processes - Ud. q:oχl-ang 'bracelet'.

See Лексика 1971, 212.

Proto-Lezghian: *leʔ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: skin

Lezghian: li

Tabasaran: liʔ

Agul: leʔ

Rutul: leʔ (Khniukh.)

Tsakhur: le-ḳʷa

Kryz: leʕ

Budukh: läʕ

Archi: ili

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. liʔ, Tab. Düb. liʔi. In Tsakh. there is an obscure suffix -ḳʷa (cf. Darg. Chir. diḳʷa 'skin of cattle'?). Obl. base *leʔɨ- (cf. Khl. liʔi-, Ag. leʔu-); 4th class in all class-distinguishing languages. The root primarily means 'skin of cattle' (only in Kryz. it designates 'skin' in general).

See Талибов 1980, 268.

Proto-Lezghian: *leḳʷV-n

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: birch bark

Tsakhur: luḳon

Comment: Isolated in Tsakh., but having possible external parallels.

Proto-Lezghian: *lerṭʷ ( ~ -ä-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: foundation

Tabasaran: šib-riṭ

Agul: šeb-reṭ (Fit.)

Comment: Both Tab. and Ag. reflect a compound *ʎ:ep:ɨ-lerṭʷ (with *ʎ:ep: 'foundation' as the first component). Cf. also Tab. Düb. šarwaṭa (with metathesis < šaw-raṭa) and especially Khür. š:aw-luṭ 'foundation', preserving the original l- and pointing directly to PL *lerṭʷ (in other dialects l- > r- under the influence of *-r-).

Proto-Lezghian: *liƛ:[a]

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to look

Lezghian: ki-lig-

Tabasaran: lig-

Agul: liwa- (Bursh.)

Comment: Cf. Tab. Kand., Düb. liɣ- id. The initial *l- is either an old preverb or a remnant of *ʔʷil 'eye'.

Proto-Lezghian: *liq̇Iʷ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: eagle

Lezghian: leq̇

Tabasaran: luq̇I

Agul: liq̇I

Rutul: lɨq̇I

Archi: liq̇I

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. läIq̇, Tab. Düb. luq̇Iu, Ag. Bursh. laq̇I, Fit. lürq̇I (with a secondary -r-), Burk. laʡ, Tp. leʡ, Arch. pl. loq̇I-or. 3d class in Rut. and Arch.

See Талибов 1980, 307.

Proto-Lezghian: *liwqI / *riwqI

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: shame

Lezghian: reʁü

Rutul: rɨqI

Kryz: reħ

Archi: libχI

Comment: In Arch. cf. also libχI i 'to be ashame'. The variation *l-/*r- is unclear.

Proto-Lezghian: *lɨnʎʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: pigeon

Lezghian: lif

Tabasaran: luf

Agul: luf

Rutul: lirxʷaj

Tsakhur: nurxa(j) (Gelm.)

Kryz: lɨf

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. lif, Tab. Düb. luf, Ag. Bursh. luf (all forms pointing to weak *-ʎʷ- in PL). PL *-r- before laterals disappears in Rut., Tsakh.; the fact that they have -r- here, plus nasalisation l- > n- in the Gelm. dialect (cf. also Rut. Ikhr. nurfäj) point undoubtedly to medial *-n- in PL. The word has a very strange shape (if it belongs here at all) in other Tsakh. dialects: Tsakh. qIɨnerke, Mik. qIɨnēke (unclear is the syllable qIɨ- and the reflex -k-). 3d class in Rut. and Tsakh., but 4th class in Kryz.