Комментарий: The Ag. form stems from the Burk. dialect, thus ṭaw < *ṭab < *ṭaṗ. The original *-p is preserved in Tsakh.; all other languages reflect a secondary variant *ṭaṗ(an) with assimilated *ṗ. A form withoutsuffixes is reflected in Lezg., Rut. and Ag.; other languages either reflect a form with a common suffix *-an (Tsakh., Kryz., Ud.) or the original plural form *ṭap-ar (Tab., cf. also Lezg. daṗar / ṭaṗar 'lock', Lezg. Khl. ṭaṗar id.). Cf., perhaps, also Tsakh. ṭopi 'jug, jar' (with a secondary vowel labialisation) = Ud. t:op:i id.
The Ud. form t:ap:an may have been borrowed from Arm. tapan (all the Lezg. forms with -an are derived from this source by Vinogradova-Klimov 1979, 157); however, it is less probable for Kryz. and Tsakh. - and in general, considering the lack of IE etymology of the Armenian word, it seems much more probable that Arm. tapan was itself borrowed from a Caucasian source.
Значение:stick (with a hook) for working wool and leather
Рутульский:ṭaṭal
Цахурский:ṭaṭa (Gelm.)
Комментарий: 4th class in both languages. The Rut. form contains a suffixed -l. The word means '(pointed) stick' in Tsakh.; cf. also Rut. Ams. ṭaṭal 'staff'.
Комментарий: The Düb. form is metathesized (baIṭli < *ṭaIbli). Both *m: and *p: can be reconstructedon basis of Tab. and Rut. data; external evidence suggests *m:.
Комментарий: Cf. also Tsakh. Gelm. ṭaInḳ., Bud. ṭiḳ-en 'freckles'. Obl. base *ṭäInḳa- (Rut. ṭánḳɨ-, Tsakh. Gelm. ṭaInḳa-). 3d class in most class-distinguishing languages, but 4th class in Bud.
Комментарий: Rut. -r- in the cluster with following uvulars goes back only to PL *-l-. As for the vocalism, it can be either *u or *-e- with following labialisation (there are too few data to make the choice); external evidence seems to be in favour of the latter variant.
From some Ag. dialect the word was borrowed in Darg. Chir. ṭuIr 'shin'.
Значение:1 freckle 2 wart, nipple 3 nipple, female breast
Лезгинский:ṭʷeṭʷ-el 1
Табасаранский:ṭiṭ 1
Агульский:ṭalṭam 1
Рутульский:ṭiṭ 2
Удинский:c:ic:-ik: 3
Комментарий: An expressive root, thus the precise reconstruction is somewhat difficult. The word probably contained -m- in Inlaut, cf. the labialization in Lezg. and the Ag. form (ṭalṭam < *ṭVmṭ-al = Lezg. ṭʷeṭʷel). The suffixed -Vl is probably an exact match for the Av. and Bezht. forms q.v.
Комментарий: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. ṭʷaṭ. Medial *-m- is safely reconstructed on basis of Arch. -n- and labialisation in Lezg. (ṭʷeṭ < *ṭewṭ < *ṭemṭ), and is also supported by labialized vowels in most languages. Rut. dɨd is a result of irregular (expressive) transformations. 3d class in all class-distinguishing languages. Oblique base *ṭemṭa- (/*ṭamṭa-) can be reconstructed on basis of Tsakh. ṭoṭa-.
Комментарий: Probably an old compound; but although the second part (-liḳ) has a fairly good external etymology, the first part is not quite clear (cf., perhaps, PL *ṭi- 'small' ?).
Комментарий: 3d class in all class-distinguishing languages. The Tsakh. form is a derivate (the simple root was not preserved there); on the etymology of Arch. ƛ̣onṭol see under *ʔirƛ̣:ʷär- 'cut, slaughter'.
