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Lezghian etymology :

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\data\cauc\lezget
Proto-Lezghian: *reč̣ʷ
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 bow-string 2 balance
Lezghian: rič̣ 1
Tabasaran: rič̣i-q̇ular 2
Budukh: ruč̣ 1
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. rič̣ 'bow-string'. 3d class in Bud. In Bud. the word means 'bow-string' and 'a string made of sheep's intestines'. To judge from Tab. rič̣i- (the whole compound means literally "bow-string"+"boards"), the PL oblique base was *reč̣ʷɨ-.
Proto-Lezghian: *req̇ʷ
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: iron
Lezghian: raq̇
Tabasaran: ruq̇
Agul: ruq̇
Comment: Obl. base *req̇ʷɨ-, cf. Lezg. raq̇u-, Tab. ruq̇a-, Ag. ruq̇ʷa-. The plural form of this noun is used to denote a lock or a trap: cf. Lezg. raq̇ar 'trap; fetters'; Tab. ruq̇ar, Ag. ruq̇ʷar 'lock, trap'.
Proto-Lezghian: *reχ:Iʷa
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 mill 2 to grind
Lezghian: reʁʷ 1
Tabasaran: raʁI-in 1
Agul: raX̀ 1
Rutul: ruχI 1
Tsakhur: joχ:Ia 1
Kryz: räħä-ǯ 2
Budukh: s-orʕu 2
Archi: deχIʷ 1
Udi: b-erχ-sun 2
Comment: The nominal root *reχ:Iʷa (which is itself an archaic verbal derivate, see below) is present in all languages except Shakhdagh and Udi and belongs to the 4th class in all class-distinguishing languages. Cf. also Lezg. Khl. räχIʷ 'mill', Tab. Kand. raʁI / raʁIin, Düb. raʁIa, Ag. Fit. raχIʷ, Tp. raʕ id., Kryz. räħä-ǯ, Bud. raħa-ǯ 'meal, flour'; in Arch. the root contains -χI:ʷ-, cf. the conjunctional form deχI:u 'and the mill-stone' and the secondary derivate duχI:a-t 'mill'.

    The original verbal root is not preserved as such in PL; instead, a secondary denominal stem *reχ:Iʷa- was used. Besides the listed Kryz., Bud. and Ud. forms cf.: Lezg. reʁʷe-z, Tab. ra-ʁI-uz (Düb. ra-ʁI-us), Ag. ruX̀-as (Bursh. urX̀a-s), Rut. -u-ruχIʷa-s, Tsakh. gi-χ:Iʷar-es, Arch. de-χI:a-s (dur. derχI:u-r). The verb belongs to the weak verbal class. Lezghian languages preserve also two other archaic derivates from the same verbal root:

    1) PL *χ:Iur / *χ:Iuj 'meal, flour': Lezg. ʁür (Khl. χür), Tab. χIu (Düb. χIuj), Ag. X̀ur (Fit. χIur, Tp. ʕur, Burk. raX̀u < *X̀aruj), Rut. χIur, Tsakh. χIu (χIujɨ-), Ud. χari. The word belongs to the 3d class in Rut. and Tsakh.

    2) PL *χ:Iuw(a) 'mill': Kryz. ħuw, Bud. ħuw / ʕuw (4th class in Kryz., but 3d class in Bud.). See Бокаpев 1961, 68; Лексика 1971, 174-175, 205; Гигинейшвили 1977, 121; Магометов 1966, 342.

Proto-Lezghian: *riIč:V-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: thick, dense
Tabasaran: ǯeri (Khaidakov)
Archi: diIča-
Proto-Lezghian: *riƛɨ-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: six
Lezghian: rugu-d
Tabasaran: jirxu-b
Agul: jerxi-d
Rutul: rixɨ-d
Tsakhur: jixɨ-llä
Kryz: rɨxɨ-d
Budukh: rɨxɨ-d
Archi: diʎ, diʎi-jṭu
Udi: uqI
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. rɨgɨ-d, Ag. Bursh. jerši-r. Metathesis of *r- into Inlaut in PL was caused by analogy with the numeral "seven" (Tab. urɣu-b, Ag. jeri-d < *uirƛ:ɨ-). Arch. diʎi 'sixty' < *riƛɨ-j.
Proto-Lezghian: *riq̇
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 soup, broth 2 puree, thick soup
Tabasaran: riq̇i (Düb.) 1
Agul: riq̇ 1
Rutul: rɨq̇ 1
Tsakhur: jɨq̇ 1
Archi: diq̇ 1
Udi: iIjaʁI 2
Comment: Cf. also Tsakh. Gelm. jiq̇, Arch. erg. diq̇i. Obl. base *riq̇ɨ- (Ag. riq̇i-, Rut. rɨq̇ɨ-, Tsakh. jɨq̇ɨ-, Gelm. jiq̇ɨ-). 3d class in Rut., Tsakh., 4th class in Arch.

    See Лексика 1971, 202; Талибов 1980, 265.

Proto-Lezghian: *riq̇I:ʷ
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: ashes
Lezghian: rüq
Tabasaran: ruqI:
Agul: ruqI:
Rutul: rɨqI
Tsakhur: jɨqI
Kryz: räq
Budukh: rǝq
Archi: diq̇I
Udi: iq:
Comment: For the reflexes of *q̇I:ʷ cf. Lezg. Khl. erg. rüq:ʷedi (lit. with unification: rüqʷedi), Tsakh. loc. jɨqI:e, Arch. erg. diq̇I:i. Ud. (Nidzh.) has a reflex žeq: (with unclear ž-). Obl. base vowel unknown. 3d class in Rut., Tsakh.; 4th class in Kryz., Bud., Arch.

    Cf. Бокарев 1961,60; Талибов 1960а,298; Лексика 1971, 173; Гигинейшвили 1977, 136.

Proto-Lezghian: *riχ
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 path 2 road
Tabasaran: riχ 1
Kryz: riχ 2
Budukh: riχ 2
Comment: Obl. base unclear. 3d class in Kryz. and Bud.
Proto-Lezghian: *rɨƛ̣ʷ- / *ƛ̣ʷɨrɨƛ̣ʷ
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 leaf 2 bud
Lezghian: riq̇I-äj (Khl.) 1
Rutul: q̇uruq̇ 1
Budukh: ḳuruḳ 2
Comment: Rut. and Bud. reflect a reduplicated form (*ƛ̣ʷɨrɨƛ̣ʷ > *ƛ̣uruƛ̣); the Lezg. form has a frequent suffix *-Vj. 3d class in Rut. and Bud.
Proto-Lezghian: *rɨqʷ / *ʔɨrqʷ (~ u)
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 hole, burrow 2 cave, cavern
Tabasaran: urq 1
Rutul: raχan 1
Tsakhur: wuqna 2
Comment: The Rut. and Tsakh. forms have a *-nV-suffix (which can either reflect the former oblique stem, or - through metathesis - the original root resonant).
Proto-Lezghian: *rɨš:V-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: thick, dense
Rutul: rɨš-dɨ
Tsakhur: rɨš:ɨ-n
Comment: It is not quite clear, whether we should also compare Arch. š:eIle-t:u- 'fat' (with an old reduction of Anlaut and suffixed *-lV- < *-ɨš:V-lV- ?).
Proto-Lezghian: *roIʎ(ʷ)
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: spittle
Rutul: rix
Tsakhur: rix́ (Tsakh.)
Comment: Cf. also Tsakh. Gelm. rɨx́, Mik. rɨIh (having an irregular reflex of *ʎ, probably due to pharyngealization). Obl. base *roʎɨ- (Rut., Tsakh. rixi-); 4th class in both languages.
Proto-Lezghian: *ruč̣(a)
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: hoar-frost, dew
Tabasaran: ruč̣
Agul: ruč̣
Comment: Obl. stem unclear.
Proto-Lezghian: *ruk(a) ( ~ -o-)
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 wood, forest 2 bush
Lezghian: ruk 1
Tabasaran: ruk 2
Kryz: ruk 1
Comment: 4th class in Kryz. Obl. base unknown (Tab. ruka- is uninformative). A strange form is Tab. Düb. lukar 'bush' ( < *ruk-ar (plur.) with dissimilation?).
Proto-Lezghian: *ruk:
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 dust 2 dust (on the floor) 3 soil 4 earth
Lezghian: rug 1-3
Tabasaran: rug 3,4
Agul: rug 1,2
Rutul: rug 2
Kryz: rug 1,2
Budukh: rug 1,2
Comment: Cf. Lezg. erg. ruk:ʷa-di (for *-k:). Obl. base *ruk:ɨ- or *ruk:e- (cf. Ag. rugu-). 4th class in all class-distinguishing languages.

    A loan from Lezg. (most probably from Agul) is Darg. Chir. ruɣ 'dust'.

Proto-Lezghian: *-rV
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 obl. stem 2 ergative
Lezghian: -ra- / -re- 1
Tabasaran: -ri-, -ru 1
Agul: -ra- 1
Rutul: -ar- 1
Kryz: -ir-, -ɨr- 1, -r 2
Budukh: -r, -ra 2
Archi: -ir-
Udi: -j-
Proto-Lezghian: *-rV
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 past participle 2 gerund imperfective 3 general participle 4 3d p. imperative 5 gerund present 6 gerund past 7 aorist 8 present 9 future
Lezghian: -r 1
Tabasaran: -ri 2 (-ri a, -ra present), -ru 3
Agul: -ur-aj 4
Rutul: -a-ra 5, -i-r, -ɨ-r, -u-r 6, -r-i 7
Kryz: -ri 8, -rä 9
Budukh: -ri 8, -ra 9
Archi: -r (nas. -n) 8
Proto-Lezghian: *rVčV-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to make a warp (for weaving)
Lezghian: ruča-
Comment: Attested only in Lezg., but having probable external parallels.
Proto-Lezghian: *s-
Meaning: 1 imperative prefix 2 general verbal prefix
Rutul: s- 2
Tsakhur: s- 2
Kryz: sä- 1, s- 2
Budukh: s- 2
Archi: s- 2
Proto-Lezghian: [*-sa-]
Meaning: past perf. II
Tsakhur: -sa+CM+ni
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-comment,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-arc,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-rut,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-comment,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-comment,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-comment,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-comment,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-krz,lezget-comment,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-comment,lezget-meaning,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-meaning,lezget-cak,
Total of 1569 records 79 pages

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