Comment: Cf. also Lezg. pret. tu-na; Ag. Bursh. ata-. It is not quite clear why Lezgian had lost the initial vowel; perhaps it reflects (like Tab. -it-) the PL *-i- Ablaut grade. The verb belongs to the strong verb class.
See Бокарев 1961, 62; Лексика 1971, 257; Гигинейшвили 1977, 80.
Comment: The word is isolated in Arch. (the component χIošon means literally "shirt"), but has probable external correspondences (whence the probable protoform).
Comment: 3d class in Bud. The Bud. word may be borrowed from Lezg., but the Tab. and Lezg. forms are no doubt genuinely related and point to *jelʁ (~ -ä-,-χ:) in PL (in Tab. *jelʁ > *jirʁ > *jurʁ).
Meaning:1 slope, hill-side 2 cheek,one side of anim. snout
Lezghian:jaʁʷ 1
Archi:eχI 2
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Fij. jaχʷa 'slope', Arch. erg. eχI:i (all confirming the reconstruction of *χI:ʷ). The semantic correlation "slope" : "cheek" is rather usual in NC languages. -r- is regularly lost in this position both in Lezg. and in Arch., and may be reconstructed only on basis of external evidence.
Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. ji=c̣-, Ag. Bursh. ic̣i-, Lezg. el-ec̣- 'to grow languid' (a derived verb with loss of the -r-conjugation), Lezg. Nüt. ḳüre-z 'to thaw, melt' (this form, together with Ag. ic̣ʷ-, points unambiguosly to PL *c̣ʷ). Tense -c̣:- in some Archi forms (aor. bo-c̣:o etc.) is rather strange: either a misspelling, or an expressive strengthening (all other languages point only to PL lax *c̣ʷ).
Comment: The term. stem in Tsakhur is reduplicated (=ɨḳɨjḳɨr); the Kryz dialect is unknown (cited from Khaidakov; if not for the typically Kryz form in -ɨǯ - Khaidakov writes ɨḳɨjḳɨǯ - one could suspect that the form in reality belongs to Tsakhur).
Comment: 4th class in Tsakh. Cf. also Tab. Düb. jif:i, Ulz. jif:, Ag. Fit., Burk. if, Bursh. if:. In Tab. jif is the literary form; the Kand. dialect has jirf with secondary -r- (probably under influence of the erg. stem jif-ru > jirfru). Note that in the printed version of the MSU recordings the Düb. form is also cited as jirf - which is obviously a mistake (the correct form is jif:i, plur. jif:-ar).
Comment: The Rut. form belongs to the Shinaz dialect (cited from Ibragimov 1978); it is a compound with χIarad 'butter'. Cf. also Rut. Ikhr. (ibid.) jiflad-χIarad, Ag. Bursh. ifal 'butter'.
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. obl. juga- (pointing to PL *jiƛ:a-), Nüt. jiɣ-arar. This noun (originally deverbal, see below) is for the most part used in compound verbs meaning 'to thresh': Ag. ji aq̇as, Rut. jiɣ haʔas, Arch. iƛ ač:as. Agul forms meaning 'threshing board' also belong here. They contain a former plural affix *-Vr: jiri, Bursh. jar, Fit. jarjar, Burk. jarjar-ar ( < *jiƛ:-Vr,*jiƛ:Vr-Vj; in Fit. and Burk. new plural affixes were added).
Another old derivate from the same verbal root is PL *mɨƛ:o-ra (with metatheses: *ƛ:ɨroma,*rɨƛ:oma) 'threshing board' > Lezg. rugun (Khl. rɨgɨn), Rut. niɣrä (Ikhr. rɨɣnä), Tsakh. Tsakh. mɨgra, Mik. niɣra / nigra, Arch. ƛorom, Ud. muq:Ial.
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. pret. č̣-ugu-na; Tab. Kand., Düb. ʒ-i=ɣ- (Lezg. and Tab. have expressive preverbs; with an analogous expressive preverb cf. Kryz. c̣ɨ=ɣn- 'to slide'). With other preverbs cf. Ag. fat:-iw- 'to take away', ʕat:-iw- 'to choose', ʕad-(i)w- 'to lift'; Bursh. qad-iwa- 'to pull', ʕad-(i)wa- 'to pull up, lift' (not quite clear is the loss of *-n-conjugation in Ag.). The Ablaut grade *joƛ:ʷän- is reflected in Arch. o=ƛin- 'to be pulled out, to go out; to take away'.
The same root is used in Tab. to denote 'to press': lit. ilz-i=g-, Kand. ilz-i=ɣ-, Düb. ilʒ-i=ɣ-. This sheds light on related Agul forms with the same meaning (Bursh. alazi- < *alaz-ija- < *-iɣa-, Rich. alz-ira-s < *alz-i=r=ɣa-s), as well as on the Archi form b-aIƛin- (b-aIƛm-us) 'to press' (reflecting the stem *jäƛ:ʷän- with petrified b-prefix and expressive pharyngealization).
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. jɨs. Obl. base *ji(l)s:a-, cf. Lezg. Khl. jɨsa-, Tsakh. jis:e-. 4th class in all languages. Medial -l- is not reflected (it disappears in clusters like this in all the languages that preserved the reflex of this root), but is suggested by external evidence.
