Lezghian etymology : Query result

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ:ar

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: snake

Rutul: ɣar

Kryz: ɣar (Al.)

Budukh: jer

Comment: 3d class in all languages. Obl. vowel base *ƛ:ara- (to judge from Rut. ɣara-). Cf. Лексика 1971, 151.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ:arƛ:ar

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: oats

Lezghian: gerg

Tabasaran: ɣarɣar

Agul: jerg (Shaum.)

Rutul: ɣarɣal

Tsakhur: ɣarɣar

Comment: The Lezg. and Ag. forms are reinterpreted as singulars from plurals: Lezg. gerger, Ag. jergar. Cf. also Lezg. Khl. gerg (pl. gerger). 3d class in Rut., but 4th class in Tsakh. A Lezg. loanword is Khin. gɨrgar 'oats'. See Хайдаков 1973, 60.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ:at:

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: corn

Lezghian: gad

Tabasaran: gad

Comment: Obl. base *ƛ:at:ɨ- ~ *ƛ:at:e- (cf. Lezg. gat:u-). In Tab. the word is used only in gad aṗuz "to thresh, to winnow" (lit. "to make corn").

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ:a-t:Vr

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: charcoal

Tsakhur: ɣadɨr

Comment: Isolated in Tsakhur; can go back to PEC *ŁaɦV, if we assume that Tsakh. -dɨr is a former suffix (probably plural).

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ:en (~ g-,-i-,-ɨ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: front hem of a garment

Lezghian: gin

Comment: Attested only in Lezg. (obl. base gini-), but having probable external parallels.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ:ert:(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: steer

Tabasaran: žerd

Agul: jard

Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. žarda id.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ:ilV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 male 2 man 3 men (pl.)

Tabasaran: žilir 2

Agul: ile-f 1

Archi: ƛele 3

Comment: See Trubetzkoy 1922, 242.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ:ʷel(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: yard, place in front of the house

Archi: ƛoli

Comment: Isolated in Arch., but having probable external parallels.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛop:ol

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 wind 2 rheumatism

Lezghian: kp:ul 2

Rutul: xɨbɨl 1

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Akht. kɨp:ɨl 'rheumatism' (the semantic shift is quite common in Caucasian languages; cf. PL *ʎ:ar). 3d class in Rutul.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛoro[s]

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: besom

Agul: kuruš (Bursh.)

Rutul: xɨrɨs

Comment: Similar forms are also attested in Lezg. Khl. (xrɨs) and Tsakh. (xɨrɨs). Since initial *ƛ- would have yielded other reflexes in these languages, we must think that those are loanwords from Rutul.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛuma (*ƛʷima)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: smoke

Lezghian: gum

Tabasaran: kum

Agul: kum

Rutul: xum

Tsakhur: kuma

Kryz: firmi

Budukh: xim

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. gɨm, Nüt. ɣum. The Kryz. form represents an original plural building (firmi < *fim-ri). Shakhdagh > Khin. ximi 'smoke'.

See Талибов 1960а, 298; Лексика 1971, 197.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣ač̣a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 stem, stalk 2 leaf 3 grain 4 pod 5 straw

Lezghian: q̇ač̣ 1

Tabasaran: ḳaž 2

Agul: ḳež 2

Rutul: q̇ač̣ 3

Tsakhur: ḳač̣a 4

Kryz: q̇äč̣ 1

Budukh: q̇ǝč̣ 5

Archi: ḳač̣i 2

Udi: k:äč: 3

Comment: In Ag. and Tab. there occurred a dissimilatory deglottalisation after the initial glottalised consnant; other forms go back regularly to PL *ƛ̣ač̣a, obl. *ƛ̣ač̣ä- (cf. Tab. ḳažu-, Ag. Tp. ḳeǯi-, Tsakh. ḳač̣a).

See Лексика 1971, 165; Гигинейшвили 1977, 104; Талибов 1980, 299.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣amp- (~*ḳ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: lip

Agul: ḳamp-úr

Comment: Cf. also Ag. Fit. ḳampur id. Isolated in Ag., but with possible parallels in PC.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣an

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bottom

Lezghian: ḳan

Tabasaran: ḳan

Agul: ḳen

Rutul: q̇an

Tsakhur: ḳan

Kryz: q̇än

Budukh: q̇an

Archi: ḳan

Comment: Cf. also Tsakh. Gelm. q̇an. Obl. base *ƛ̣anɨ- (cf. Lezg. ḳani-, Tab. ḳana-, Ag. ḳeni-, Rut. q̇aná-, Tsakh. ḳanɨ-). 4th class in all class-distinguishing languages.

See Лексика 1971, 184; Талибов 1960a, 300; Гигинейшвили 1977, 103.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣ɨl ( ~ -l:)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ear (of corn)

Lezghian: q̇il

Tabasaran: ḳul

Agul: ḳil

Kryz: q̇ɨl

Budukh: q̇ɨl

Comment: Obl. base *ƛ̣ɨle- ( ~ *ƛ̣ɨlɨ-), cf. Lezg. q̇ili-, Tab. ḳuli-, Ag. ḳili-. The root can not be distinguished within Lezg. from the reflexes of PL *woƛ̣ul (q.v.) "head"; historically, however, these are two absolutely different roots which had merged in individual languages probably already after the split of PL.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣ɨlä-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: thin

Lezghian: q̇eleč̣

Tabasaran: č̣illi

Agul: ḳille-f

Rutul: q̇ɨldɨ

Tsakhur: ḳɨIwaIn

Kryz: q̇ɨl

Archi: ḳalat:ut

Comment: Pharyngealization in Tsakh. is secondary (cf. Gelm. q̇ɨwa-n without it), possibly expressive.

Cf. Лексика 1971, 227; Гигинейшвили 1977, 103; Талибов 1980, 310.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣:alƛ̣:am

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 chin 2 beak

Tabasaran: k:amk:am 1

Agul: k:alk:am 2

Comment: The Ag. word is from the Bursh. dialect. Cf. also Tab. lit. k:alk:am 'chin' (the "reduplicated" Kand. form is secondary), Ag. Fit. k:alk:am, Burk. k:amk:am id.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣:äl

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: lamb (less than 6 months old)

Lezghian: ḳel

Tabasaran: č:il

Agul: k:el

Rutul: gäl

Tsakhur: gew

Kryz: kɛl

Budukh: kel

Archi: ƛ̣:al

Udi: q:al

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. k:el. Obl. base *ƛ̣:ila- ( Tab. č:ila-, Rut. gili-rɨ-, Kryz. kil-; with vowel levelling Lezg. ḳele-, Ag. k:ela-, Tsakh. gewa-). 3d class in Rut., Tsakh., Kryz., Bud., but 4th class in Arch.

See Лексика 1971, 160; Гигинейшвили 1977, 69.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣:eƛ̣:- ( ~ -ä-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a k. of worm (двухвостка)

Archi: ƛ̣:éƛ̣:u

Comment: Attested only in Archi, with a probable Avar parallel.

Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣:eƛ̣:(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 cock 2 partridge

Lezghian: ḳek 1

Agul: k:ek: 1

Kryz: käkäl 2

Budukh: kakɨl 2

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. k:ek (pl. k:ek:-er), Ag. Burk. k:ek: id. In Kryz. and Bud. - a suffixed form with a frequent nominal suffix *-l. Semantically Proto-Shakhdagh *käkV-l was probably influenced by Azer. käklik 'partridge' (although a loan from Azer. is excluded for phonetic reasons).