Комментарии: Cf. the pure root *sṭam- in Chech. stam-dan, Bacb. sṭam-dar 'to thicken'. Cf. also Cheb. stamũ, Shar., Itumk., Khild., Akk. somma 'thick'.
Комментарии: The basic form is ergative: Chech. sten, Ing. se, Bacb. sṭẽ (cf. also Cheb. stjē̃, Shar., Khild. sjẽ etc.). For the vowel length cf. also Chech. gen. stēna-n;sten-ga 'where' etc.
Комментарии: Chech. šet probably is a secondary building after the obl. base *šati- (Chech. šeta-). 4th class in all languages.
In PN there are no clusters of *š- + laryngeals; it is not excluded that in this root such a cluster had existed (cf. the pharyngealization in the Darg. parallel), and influenced the reflex of medial *-t- in Ing. (where the form šod points to *šaṭo < *šHato?).
Комментарии: The reconstruction is highly tentative, because the Chech. and Ing. forms correspond badly to each other. It is not clear why Chech. lost -r-, and why in Ing. -č > -š. 4th class in both languages.
Комментарии: The word contains a common Nakh diminutive *-iḳ. Cf. also Bacb. sṭiur 'reed-pipe' ( < *šaṭ-iru = Av. išṭéro), with a secondary vowel reduction.
Комментарии: Obl. base *šima- / *šam-ar- (cf. Chech. šina-, Ing. šamaro; the variant *šamar- is probably more archaic and demonstrates the PN Ablaut). 6th class in all languages.
Комментарии: The final glottal stop in Chech. and Ing. is secondary (as also in other numerals). The original base šin- is preserved as oblique (Chech., Ing. šina-).
Cf. also PN *šina-ra 'heifer (about 2 years old)' (Chech., Ing. šinara) which is, on one hand, an obvious derivate of *ši(n) 'two' (just like *qaʔar-ḳ 'a 3-years-old heifer' from the oblique base *qaʔa- 'three') and on the other hand - a perfect match for Lak., PL and PWC forms.