Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 洋

Modern (Beijing) reading: yáng

Preclassic Old Chinese: laŋ

Classic Old Chinese: laŋ

Western Han Chinese: laŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: źaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: źaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: jaŋ

Middle Chinese: jaŋ

English meaning : be wide, ample, grand

Russian meaning[s]: 1) океан; 2) заморский, иностранный; 3) серебряная монета; даян; юань

Comments: Used mainly in relation to water-flow; later came to mean 'ocean'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 2512

Karlgren code: 0732 h

Vietnamese reading: du'o'ng

Shijing occurrences: 57.4

Character: 洲

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhōu

Preclassic Old Chinese: tu

Classic Old Chinese: tu

Western Han Chinese: tǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćǝw

Middle Chinese: ćǝw

English meaning : island in a river

Russian meaning[s]: часть света; материк, континент; большой остров

Shuowen gloss: 水渚也.本作州.後人加水以別州縣字.

Comments: = 州; see 周.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 2785

Karlgren code: 1086 d

Vietnamese reading: châu

Shijing occurrences: 1.1_

Character: 洪

Modern (Beijing) reading: hóng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ghōŋ

Western Han Chinese: ɣōŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ɣōŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ɣōŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ɣōŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ɣwōŋ

Middle Chinese: ɣuŋ

English meaning : be great; inundation

Russian meaning[s]: 1) разлив; разлившийся; наводнение, потоп; 2) огромный, обширный; 3) пороги реки; 4) Хун (фамилия)

Comments: For *gh cf. Chaozhou aŋ².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 7854

Karlgren code: 1182 o

Character: 流

Modern (Beijing) reading: liú

Preclassic Old Chinese: ru

Classic Old Chinese: ru

Western Han Chinese: rǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: rǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: liw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: lǝw

Middle Chinese: lǝw

English meaning : to flow; float; flow away.

Russian meaning[s]: 1) течь; течение, поток; рукав; текущий, текучий; 2) бродить с места на место; бездомный, беженец; 3) предаваться удовольствиям; бездельничать; необузданный; 4) распространяться; циркулировать; находиться в обращении; распространенный, ходкий; 5) ответвление, ветвь; школа, группа; круги общества; компания; ирон. и К; 6) сорт, качество; 7) ссылать; ссылка; изгнание

Shuowen gloss: 水行也.從沝�.�,突忽也籀文從水.

Comments: Schüssler (following some commentators) considers 流 in Shi 1 to be a loan for 摎 *r(h)iw 'to look for, seek' - but this is impossible due to rhyme considerations. For initial *r- (not *rh-) in OC cf. the Min forms: Xiamen, Chaozhou, Fuzhou liu², Jianou liu⁹, Jianyang lau², Shaowu lou².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 7611

Karlgren code: 1104 a-b

Shijing occurrences: 1.2_, 26.1_, 37.4, 39.1, 57.4

Character: 津

Modern (Beijing) reading: jīn

Preclassic Old Chinese: cin

Classic Old Chinese: cin

Western Han Chinese: cjǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: cjǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: cjin

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjin

Late Postclassic Chinese: cjin

Middle Chinese: cjin

English meaning : a ford; moist

Russian meaning[s]: 1) переправа, брод; перен. путь, способ; 2) слюна; влага; влажный; смачивать; 3) поддерживать деньгами, дать пособие; 4) важный путь сообщений; линия связи; 5) сокр. г. Тяньцзинь

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 2580

Karlgren code: 0381 g

Character: 洌

Modern (Beijing) reading: liè

Preclassic Old Chinese: r(h)at

Classic Old Chinese: r(h)at

Western Han Chinese: r(h)at

Eastern Han Chinese: r(h)at

Early Postclassic Chinese: l(h)et

Middle Postclassic Chinese: l(h)et

Late Postclassic Chinese: l(h)et

Middle Chinese: let

English meaning : limpid

Russian meaning[s]: 1) чистый, прозрачный (о воде или вине); 2) вымыть

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 2870

Karlgren code: 0291 c

Character: 洱

Modern (Beijing) reading: er

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 洞

Modern (Beijing) reading: dòng

Preclassic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ōŋs

Classic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ōŋh

Western Han Chinese: lōŋh (~ Łh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: l(h)ōŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ṑŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ṑŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)wṑŋ

Middle Chinese: dùŋ

English meaning : cavern [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пещера, грот; 2) отверстие, дыра, щель; 3) понимать; проникать; 4) поток; проток

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 3785

Karlgren code: 1176 h

Vietnamese reading: d_ộng

Jianchuan Bai: tü̃6

Dali Bai: -tü3

Character: 洗

Modern (Beijing) reading: xǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: sǝ̄rʔ

Classic Old Chinese: sǝ̄́n

Western Han Chinese: sǝ̄́n

Eastern Han Chinese: sǝ̄́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: sǝ̄́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sǝ̄́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: sǝ̄́n

Middle Chinese: síej

English meaning : to wash, wash clean

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мыть, стирать; купать(ся); умывать(ся); 2) смыть (позор), реабилитировать(ся); 3) начисто, совершенно, до конца; 4) Си (фамилия)

Comments: See also 洒. In Viet. cf. perhaps also té 'to splash (water)'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 7350

Karlgren code: 0478 j

Vietnamese reading: tâ`y

Jianchuan Bai: se1

Dali Bai: se1

Character: 活

Modern (Beijing) reading: huó

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghʷāt

Classic Old Chinese: ghwāt

Western Han Chinese: wāt

Eastern Han Chinese: wāt

Early Postclassic Chinese: wāt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wāt

Late Postclassic Chinese: wāt

Middle Chinese: ɣwât

English meaning : life; keep alive; kuo 4 "be flowing lively"

Russian meaning[s]: 1) жить, быть в живых; живой; жизненный; 2) действовать; действенный, деятельный; действующий (напр. вулкан); деятельность, работа; 3) гибкий, подвижной, изменчивый; проточный (о воде); текущий (счет); скользящий (узел); 4) существование; быт; средства к существованию; занятие, работа; 5) месить (глину); 6) похожий, вылитый; [guā] шум воды

Comments: For OC *ghʷ- cf. Min forms: Xiamen uaʔ⁸, Chaozhou ap⁸, Fuzhou uak⁸. Aldo used in a reduplication *kʷāt-kʷāt (MC kwât, Pek. guo) 'to purl (as running water)'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 1307

Karlgren code: 0302 m

Shijing occurrences: 31.5_, 57.4_

Character: 洽

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiá

Preclassic Old Chinese: grǝ̄p

Classic Old Chinese: grǝ̄p

Western Han Chinese: grǝ̄p

Eastern Han Chinese: grǝ̄p

Early Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̣̄p

Middle Postclassic Chinese: giǝ̣̄p

Late Postclassic Chinese: giǝ̣̄p

Middle Chinese: ɣạ̈p

English meaning : accord with, cocordant; unite, assemble; accomplish

Russian meaning[s]: 1) соответствовать, гармонировать с...; согласовываться; как раз, в точности; 2) дружеский, мирный; 3) разливаться; проникать, просачиваться

Comments: Mod. qià is quite irregular. The word is probably connected with 合 *gǝ̄p 'unite' q.v.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 1182

Character: 派

Modern (Beijing) reading: pài

Preclassic Old Chinese: phrēs (~ -ks)

Classic Old Chinese: phrēh

Western Han Chinese: phrēh

Eastern Han Chinese: phriēh

Early Postclassic Chinese: phiẹ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phiẹ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: phiẹ̄̀

Middle Chinese: phạ̈̀

English meaning : branch (of a river); to delegate, send, detach [Jin]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) рукав [реки]; разветвляться; 2) ответвление, отрасль; 3) фракция; партия, группа; школа; представитель (фракции, школы, группы); 4) распределять, делать разверстку; 5) командировать; послать; определять на должность

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 5669

Vietnamese reading: phái

Character: 洶

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiōng

Preclassic Old Chinese: sŋoŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ̥oŋ

Western Han Chinese: ŋ̥oŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ̥oŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: hoŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hoŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: hoŋ

English meaning : to rush, as water [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: рокот (волн); ропот (толпы)

Comments: Also read *sŋoŋʔ, MC xö́uŋ, Pek. xiǒng id.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 4304

Karlgren code: 1183 g

Character: 洛

Modern (Beijing) reading: luò

Preclassic Old Chinese: rhāk

Classic Old Chinese: rhāk

Western Han Chinese: rhāk

Eastern Han Chinese: rhāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: lhāk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lhāk

Late Postclassic Chinese: lhāk

Middle Chinese: lâk

English meaning : river name

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сокр. Лохэ (река в провинции Хэнань); 2) сокр. г. Лоян

Comments: For *rh cf. Jianou lɔ⁷.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 1404

Karlgren code: 0766 k-m

Character: 泵

Modern (Beijing) reading: bèng

English meaning : pump

Comments: A recent English loanword.

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 洹

Modern (Beijing) reading: huán yuán

Preclassic Old Chinese: w(h)ār w(h)an

Classic Old Chinese: w(h)ān

Western Han Chinese: w(h)ān

Eastern Han Chinese: w(h)ān

Early Postclassic Chinese: w(h)ān

Middle Postclassic Chinese: w(h)ān

Late Postclassic Chinese: w(h)ān

Middle Chinese: ɣwân wǝn

Fanqie: 胡鑾 [a] 于元 [b]

Rhyme class: 寒 [a] 元 [b]

English meaning : river name

Russian meaning[s]: Хуань (река в провинциях Шаньси и Хэнань)

Shuowen gloss: 水在齊魯間. 從水. 亘聲.

Comments: Also read *w(h)an, MC wǝn (FQ 雨元), mod. yuán id.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 29

Karlgren code: 0164 g-i

Character: 洧

Modern (Beijing) reading: wěi

Russian meaning[s]: Вэйхэ (река в провинции Хэнань)

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 3511

Character: 洸

Modern (Beijing) reading: guāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: kwāŋ

Western Han Chinese: kwāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: kwāŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwāŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwāŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwāŋ

Middle Chinese: kwâŋ

English meaning : be turbulent, rushing

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сверкать, искриться (о воде); 2) безудержный; безбрежный; свободный; 3) отважный, воинственный; решительно

Comments: Also read *ʔʷāŋ, MC ʔwâŋ (FQ 烏光) id.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 7340

Karlgren code: 0706 f

Shijing occurrences: 35.6

Character: 洩

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiè

Preclassic Old Chinese: slhat

Classic Old Chinese: sl̥at

Western Han Chinese: sl̥at

Eastern Han Chinese: s(h)jat

Early Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jet

Middle Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jet

Late Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jet

Middle Chinese: sjet

English meaning : to leak, reduce [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: просачиваться, проникать; протекать; разоблачаться, обнаруживаться; [yì] распространять, распускать; рассыпать

Comments: = 泄 q. v. Also read *lat-s (MC jèj, Pek. yì) 'be dispersed; leisurely, comfortable' (LZ).

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 6896

Karlgren code: 0338 b

Character: 洮

Modern (Beijing) reading: tāo

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)āw

Classic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)āw

Western Han Chinese: l̥āw (~ ƛh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥āw

Early Postclassic Chinese: thāw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thāw

Late Postclassic Chinese: thāw

English meaning : to pour water, wash

Russian meaning[s]: 1) название притока Хуанхэ в провинции Ганьсу; 2) г. Таонань (в Северо-Восточном Китае)

Comments: Modern 2d tone is irregular.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 7530

Karlgren code: 1145 s