Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 琅

Modern (Beijing) reading: láng

English meaning : a kind of precious stone

Russian meaning[s]: 1) драгоценный; вежл. Ваш; 2) звон, позвякивание (яшмы)

Radical: 96

Four-angle index: 5775

Karlgren code: 0735 n

Character: 琊

Modern (Beijing) reading: ya

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 球

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiú

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghu

Classic Old Chinese: ghu

Western Han Chinese: ghǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: ghǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ghiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ghǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: ghǝw

Middle Chinese: gǝw

English meaning : a k. of jade

Russian meaning[s]: 1) шар; мяч; 2) сфера; глобус; 3) древн. ударная пластинка из яшмы

Comments: Probably 'round, globular jade' - cf. the later meaning of the graph 'globe, sphere, ball'. For *gh- cf. Xiamen khiu².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 96

Four-angle index: 5552

Karlgren code: 1066 f

Vietnamese reading: cầu

Jianchuan Bai: ćho2

Dali Bai: ćhou2

Bijiang Bai: ćho2

Character: 理

Modern (Beijing) reading: lǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: rǝʔ

Classic Old Chinese: rǝ́

Western Han Chinese: rǝ́

Eastern Han Chinese: rǝ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: lɨ́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lɨ́

Late Postclassic Chinese: lɨ́

Middle Chinese: lɨ́

English meaning : to divide fields into sections

Russian meaning[s]: 1) упорядочить, привести в порядок; починить, поправить; 2) управлять, ведать (делами); 3) понимать, вникать; 4) принцип, закон; теория; истина; 5) резон, мотив, мотивировка; 6) справедливость; высший принцип; закон природы; идеал; идеальное "ли" (высшее идеальное начало в сунском неоконфуцианстве); верный; 7) разум; рациональный; по разумению; 8) принимать к сердцу, обращать внимание; 9) Ли (фамилия)

Comments: A later meaning is 'to regulate, control; to reason > reason, principle'. Viet. lẽ is colloquial; standard Sino-Viet. is lý (suggesting a MC variant *lɨ̀). For *r cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou, Fuzhou, Jianou li³.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 96

Four-angle index: 425

Vietnamese reading: lẽ

Jianchuan Bai: -li3

Dali Bai: -lu3

Bijiang Bai: -le1

Character: 現

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: gēns

Classic Old Chinese: gēnh

Western Han Chinese: gjānh

Eastern Han Chinese: giānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: giḕn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: giḕn

Late Postclassic Chinese: giḕn

Middle Chinese: ɣìen

English meaning : to appear, show up

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ныне, теперь, в настоящее время; 2) очевидный; современный; наличный; 3) проявляться, обнаруживать(ся); появляться; явиться; 4) реальный; 5) потерять лицо

Comments: Originally written with the same character as 見 *kēns, and obviously related to *kēns 'see, look at'. The separate graph 現 is attested since Tang.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 96

Four-angle index: 7414

Karlgren code: 0241 e

Vietnamese reading: hiện

Character: 瓠

Modern (Beijing) reading: hù

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ʷā

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)wā

Western Han Chinese: gā (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gā (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gā (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gā (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gā (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣo

English meaning : bottle-gourd, melon

Russian meaning[s]: тыква, тыква-горлянка

Comments: Also read *g(h)ʷā-s, MC ɣò, Pek. hù id.

Radical: 97

Four-angle index: 4873

Karlgren code: 0043 j

Shijing occurrences: 57.2

Character: 瓶

Modern (Beijing) reading: píng

Preclassic Old Chinese: bēŋ

Classic Old Chinese: bēŋ

Western Han Chinese: bēŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: biēŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: biēŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: biēŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: biēŋ

Middle Chinese: bieŋ

English meaning : bottle, jar

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бутыль, бутылка; флакон; 2) ваза; кувшин

Comments: The early Zhou graph is 缾; 瓶 is used since Han. For *b- cf. Xiamen pan² (lit. piŋ², pin²), Chaozhou paŋ², Fuzhou piŋ², Jianou paiŋ⁹.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 98

Four-angle index: 7755

Karlgren code: 0824 i-j

Vietnamese reading: bình

Jianchuan Bai: piɛ̃7

Character: 瓷

Modern (Beijing) reading: cí

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒhij

Classic Old Chinese: ʒhij

Western Han Chinese: ʒhjǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒhjǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒhjij

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒhjij

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒhji

Middle Chinese: ʒji

English meaning : porcelain, china [Jin]

Russian meaning[s]: фарфор; фарфоровые изделия, вм. 磁

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is tu'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 98

Four-angle index: 7766

Vietnamese reading: sú'

Character: 甜

Modern (Beijing) reading: tián

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhēm

Classic Old Chinese: lhēm

Western Han Chinese: lhjam

Eastern Han Chinese: lhjam

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhjem

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhjem

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhjem

Middle Chinese: diem

English meaning : sweet [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сладкий, вкусный; 2) привлекательный

Comments: For *lh cf. Xiamen thĩ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 135

Four-angle index: 1025

Character: 產

Modern (Beijing) reading: chǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: shrēnʔ

Classic Old Chinese: shrḗn

Western Han Chinese: ṣhjā́n

Eastern Han Chinese: ṣhiā́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṣhiẹ̄́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṣhiẹ̄́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṣhiẹ̄́n

Middle Chinese: ṣạ̈́n

English meaning : to produce, production, smth. produced [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) родить; роды; породить, произвести; 2) производить; производство; продукция; 3) имущество, собственность

Comments: Mand. ch- points to a variant with *c̣h- in MC (evidence of *shr-, not sr- in OC). Viet. sẵn is colloquial; standard Sino-Viet. is sa`n.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 100

Four-angle index: 392

Karlgren code: 0194 a

Vietnamese reading: sẵn

Character: 略

Modern (Beijing) reading: lüè

Preclassic Old Chinese: rak

Classic Old Chinese: rak

Western Han Chinese: rak

Eastern Han Chinese: rak

Early Postclassic Chinese: lak

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lak

Late Postclassic Chinese: lak

Middle Chinese: lak

English meaning : to sharpen; to define, confine, regulate

Russian meaning[s]: 1) немножко; едва-едва, чуть-чуть; 2) краткий, сокращенный; опустить, пропустить; 3) основной смысл; общий; в общем; 4) грабить, отнимать; 5) план; стратегия; 6) упорядочить; управлять

Comments: For *r cf. Xiamen lioʔ⁸, Chaozhou liak⁸, Fuzhou liok⁸.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 102

Four-angle index: 1391

Karlgren code: 0766 v

Character: 畦

Modern (Beijing) reading: qí

Russian meaning[s]: 1) участок поля; полоса; 2) поле в 50 му

Radical: 102

Four-angle index: 163

Karlgren code: 0879 j

Character: 畢

Modern (Beijing) reading: bì

Preclassic Old Chinese: pit

Classic Old Chinese: pit

Western Han Chinese: pjǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: pjǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: pjit

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pjit

Late Postclassic Chinese: pjit

Middle Chinese: pjit

English meaning : fork

Russian meaning[s]: 1) кончить(ся), закончить(ся), окончить; окончание; заключение; в заключение; конец; до конца; сполна; все; все; совершенно; 2) Би (фамилия)

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *pit 'to finish, complete'. This meaning can be connected with 閉 *pīt, *pīt-s and 閟 *prit-s 'to close, shut'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 102

Four-angle index: 2569

Karlgren code: 0407 a-d

Character: 異

Modern (Beijing) reading: yì

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łǝks

Classic Old Chinese: Łǝh

Western Han Chinese: lǝh

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝh

Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨ̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jɨ̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: jɨ̀

Middle Chinese: jɨ̀

English meaning : be different, aberrant, remarkable

Russian meaning[s]: 1) отличный, несходный; отличаться; иной; чуждый; чужеземный, иностранный; 2) странный, необычайный; непринятый; дивиться, изумляться; 3) отделяться (напр. от семьи); изменять(ся); относиться особенно, выделять среди других; особое отношение; 4) особый, специфичный, исключительный; 5) И (фамилия)

Comments: An older loanword (from a source like WH *lǝh) is Viet. lạ 'strange, foreign'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 102

Four-angle index: 7855

Karlgren code: 0954 a-c

Vietnamese reading: dị

Shijing occurrences: 42.3_

Character: 疏

Modern (Beijing) reading: shū

Preclassic Old Chinese: sra

Classic Old Chinese: sra

Western Han Chinese: ṣa

Eastern Han Chinese: ṣa

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṣo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṣo

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṣo

Middle Chinese: ṣö

English meaning : coarse grain

Russian meaning[s]: 1) редкий, разреженный; разредить, разделить; 2) далекий; дальний; разноситься далеко; доходить, достигнуть; 3) грубый; небрежный, халатный, нерадивый; 4) устранить (препятствие); производить расчистку (фарватера); 5) помогать; 6) Шу (фамилия); [shù] 1) докладывать; излагать по пунктам; 2) разрядка, подстрочный комментарий; объяснять, комментировать

Comments: During Late Zhou the character was also used for a homonymous *sra 'be distant, lead far, reach far' (earlier written with the 157th radical 足), as well as for *sra 'thin, thinned out; (to thin out) > to remove (obstacles)'. Since Han another reading is witnessed: *sra-s, MC ṣö̀, Mand. shù, Viet. só' 'footnote, word-for-word comment; to comment, provide explanation' (possibly derived from the original *sra 'thinned out' as 'to thin out text' > 'to comment thoroughly'). Viet. has also colloquial (and phonetically archaic) loans from the same source: thu'a 'thin, sparse'; thu'a 'to lodge a complaint, petition'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 103

Four-angle index: 7606

Karlgren code: 0090 b-c

Vietnamese reading: so'

Character: 痔

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhì

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)rǝs

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)rǝh

Western Han Chinese: ḍ(h)ǝh

Eastern Han Chinese: ḍ(h)ǝh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ḍ(h)ɨ̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ḍ(h)ɨ̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: ḍ(h)ɨ̀

Middle Chinese: ḍɨ̀

English meaning : haemorrhoids [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: геморрой

Radical: 104

Four-angle index: 3168

Karlgren code: 0961 t

Vietnamese reading: trĩ

Character: 痕

Modern (Beijing) reading: hén

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ǝ̄n

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ǝ̄n

Western Han Chinese: gǝ̄n (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gǝ̄n (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄n (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄n (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄n (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣʌn

English meaning : scar; trace [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: шрам, рубец; след, знак; пятно

Comments: Viet. hằn is colloquial; standard Sino-Viet. is ngấn, reflecting nasal assimilation.

Radical: 104

Four-angle index: 5771

Karlgren code: 0416 g

Vietnamese reading: hằn

Character: 疵

Modern (Beijing) reading: cí

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́hej

Classic Old Chinese: ʒhe

Western Han Chinese: ʒhe

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒhje

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒhje

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒhje

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒhje

Middle Chinese: ʒje

English meaning : flaw, shortcoming

Russian meaning[s]: 1) порок, изъян, дефект, недостаток; 2) ненавидеть; 3) оклеветать

Comments: For *ʒ́h- cf. Xiamen chu², Chaozhou chǝ².

Radical: 104

Four-angle index: 6979

Karlgren code: 0358 p

Character: 痊

Modern (Beijing) reading: quán

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćhon

Classic Old Chinese: chwan

Western Han Chinese: chwan

Eastern Han Chinese: chjwan

Early Postclassic Chinese: chjwen

Middle Postclassic Chinese: chjwen

Late Postclassic Chinese: chjwen

Middle Chinese: chjwen

English meaning : become cured (of illness) [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) выздороветь, поправиться; 2) вылечить; 3) отпустить (о боли)

Radical: 104

Four-angle index: 341

Karlgren code: 0234 d

Character: 痍

Modern (Beijing) reading: yí

Preclassic Old Chinese: lǝj

Classic Old Chinese: lǝj

Western Han Chinese: lǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jɨj

Late Postclassic Chinese: jɨj

Middle Chinese: ji

English meaning : injure, to wound

Russian meaning[s]: рана; ранить

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 104

Four-angle index: 5120

Karlgren code: 0551 g