Chinese characters : Query result

Character: �

Modern (Beijing) reading: shou

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 罰

Modern (Beijing) reading: fá

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)at

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)at

Western Han Chinese: b(h)at

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)wat

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wat

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wǝt

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wǝt

Middle Chinese: bwǝt

English meaning : punishment, penalty, fine; to punish, to fine; pay a fine

Russian meaning[s]: 1) наказывать, штрафовать; наказание, штраф; 2) откупиться

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 122

Four-angle index: 2818

Karlgren code: 0308 a-c

Vietnamese reading: phạt

Character: 翠

Modern (Beijing) reading: cuì

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бирюзовый, изумрудный; 2) зеленые перья (зимородка); зимородок

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 124

Four-angle index: 2317

Karlgren code: 0490 i

Character: 翡

Modern (Beijing) reading: fěi

Russian meaning[s]: 1) зоол. зимородок; 2) малахит; малахитовый; зеленый

Radical: 124

Four-angle index: 3339

Karlgren code: 0579 p

Character: 翟

Modern (Beijing) reading: dí

Preclassic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ēkʷ

Classic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ēuk

Western Han Chinese: ljāuk (~ Łh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: liāuk (~ lh-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)iēuk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)iēk

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)iēk

Middle Chinese: diek

English meaning : pheasant

Russian meaning[s]: 1) маньчжурский длиннохвостый фазан; 2) варвары, вм. 狄; [zhái] Чжай (фамилия)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 124

Four-angle index: 934

Karlgren code: 1124 a-b

Shijing occurrences: 38.3_, 47.2_, 57.3

Character: 聞

Modern (Beijing) reading: wén

Preclassic Old Chinese: mǝn

Classic Old Chinese: mǝn

Western Han Chinese: mǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: mwǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: mwɨn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mwɨn

Late Postclassic Chinese: mwɨn

Middle Chinese: mün

English meaning : to hear; to smell, perceive; as wen 4 "be heard, renowned"

Russian meaning[s]: 1) слышать; узнавать; передавать; слухи, известия; 2) почуять; понюхать; обонять; 3) Вэнь (фамилия); [wèn] слава, известность; знаменитый

Comments: For *m cf. Xiamen bun², Chaozhou buŋ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 128

Four-angle index: 3409

Karlgren code: 0441 f

Character: 聚

Modern (Beijing) reading: jù

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́(h)oʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)ó

Western Han Chinese: ʒ(h)wá

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ(h)jwá

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)jwó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)jwó

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)jwó

Middle Chinese: ʒjǘ

English meaning : to gather, collect

Russian meaning[s]: 1) собираться, сходиться; скапливаться, толпиться; собрание, сходка; 2) деревня, поселение; 3) собирать, накапливать

Comments: Attested already in Yijing, but absent from Schüssler's dictionary. Also read *ʒ́(h)oʔ-s, MC ʒjǜ id.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 128

Four-angle index: 5568

Karlgren code: 0131 k

Go-on: zu

Kan-on: sju

Vietnamese reading: tụ

Character: 肇

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhào

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)rawʔ (~ Łh-, ~ -e-)

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)ráw

Western Han Chinese: ḍ(h)áw

Eastern Han Chinese: ḍ(h)áw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ḍ(h)éw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ḍ(h)éw

Late Postclassic Chinese: ḍ(h)éw

Middle Chinese: ḍéw

English meaning : to delineate

Russian meaning[s]: 1) начинать; начало; возникать; производить; создавать; 2) исправлять; приводить в порядок; правильный

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *d(h)rawʔ (~Łh-,-e-) 'to begin, start, create, initiate, implement, arrange'.

Radical: 129

Four-angle index: 2581

Karlgren code: 1146 a-c

Character: 腐

Modern (Beijing) reading: fǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)oʔ

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)ó

Western Han Chinese: b(h)wá

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)wá

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wó

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wó

Middle Chinese: bǘ

English meaning : to rot, get spoiled [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: гнилой; гнить, разлагаться

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is hu` (both this reading and Mand. fǔ point to an unattested MC variant *pǘ or *phǘ).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 3970

Karlgren code: 0136 n

Vietnamese reading: vũ'a

Character: 膀

Modern (Beijing) reading: páng

Preclassic Old Chinese: bhāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: bhāŋ

Western Han Chinese: bhāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: bhāŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: bhāŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bhāŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: bhāŋ

Middle Chinese: bâŋ

English meaning : urinary bladder [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: мочевой пузырь; [bǎng] рука (от плеча до кисти), плечо; [pāng] вздуться, налиться (о мускулах)

Comments: Used within the compound 膀胱 id.; for *bh cf. Yilan phɔŋ². The basic modern reading bǎng 'arm' is late (attested only after Tang).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 4246

Character: 膏

Modern (Beijing) reading: gāo

Preclassic Old Chinese: kāw

Classic Old Chinese: kāw

Western Han Chinese: kāw

Eastern Han Chinese: kāw

Early Postclassic Chinese: kāw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kāw

Late Postclassic Chinese: kāw

Middle Chinese: kâw

English meaning : be fat, glossy; grease

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сало, жир; перен. соки; 2) паста, мазь; опиумная паста; 3) жирный, тучный; 4) благодеяния, милости; 5) сладкий

Comments: Also read OC *kāw-s, MC kầw id.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 3536

Karlgren code: 1129 i

Vietnamese reading: cao

Character: 膈

Modern (Beijing) reading: gé

Russian meaning[s]: 1) диафрагма; 2) подмышка

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 3828

Karlgren code: 0855 e

Character: 膊

Modern (Beijing) reading: po

Preclassic Old Chinese: phāk

Classic Old Chinese: phāk

Western Han Chinese: phāk

Eastern Han Chinese: phāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: phāk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phāk

Late Postclassic Chinese: phāk

Middle Chinese: phâk

English meaning : shoulder

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *phāk 'to dismantle'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0771 l

Character: 腿

Modern (Beijing) reading: tuǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: slūjʔ (~ ƛ-, ~ th-)

Classic Old Chinese: l̥wǝ̄́j

Western Han Chinese: l̥wǝ̄́j

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥wǝ̄́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: thwǝ̄́j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thwǝ̄́j

Late Postclassic Chinese: thwǝ̄́j

Middle Chinese: thój

English meaning : leg [Tang]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) нога; 2) бедро; голень; 3) ножка (мебели); 4) окорок, ветчина

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 6597

Jianchuan Bai: -thui3

Dali Bai: -thui3

Character: 膂

Modern (Beijing) reading: lǚ

Russian meaning[s]: спинной хребет, позвоночник

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 3562

Character: 臧

Modern (Beijing) reading: zāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: cāŋ

Western Han Chinese: cāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: cāŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: cāŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cāŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: cāŋ

Middle Chinese: câŋ

English meaning : be good

Russian meaning[s]: 1) добрый, прекрасный; хвалить; 2) добыча, награбленное добро; 3) раб, слуга; 4) Цзан (фамилия)

Comments: Xiesheng suggests *ć-, but this is one of the very few cases when external evidence contradicts internal reconstruction of palatals (see below); thus OC *cāŋ is also not to be excluded.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 131

Four-angle index: 6887

Karlgren code: 0727 |f ́

Shijing occurrences: 33.4_, 50.2_, 54.2

Character: 臺

Modern (Beijing) reading: tái

Preclassic Old Chinese: dhǝ̄

Classic Old Chinese: dhǝ̄

Western Han Chinese: dhǝ̄

Eastern Han Chinese: dhǝ̄

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: dʌj

English meaning : terrasse, tower

Russian meaning[s]: 1) башня, вышка; 2) терраса; платформа, помост; 3) подмостки, сцена; 4) высокий, см. 台; 5) стоя; 6) см. 儓; 7) Тай (фамилия)

Comments: Used also for homonymous words *dhǝ̄ 'servant, slave' and *dhǝ̄ 'name of a plant'. For *dh cf. Chaozhou thai², Longdu thoj².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 133

Four-angle index: 271

Karlgren code: 0939 a

Vietnamese reading: d_ài

Shijing occurrences: 43.1, 43.2

Character: 與

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: laʔ

Classic Old Chinese: lá

Western Han Chinese: lá

Eastern Han Chinese: źá

Early Postclassic Chinese: źó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jó

Late Postclassic Chinese: jó

Middle Chinese: jö́

English meaning : be with, join company, associate with; with, and

Russian meaning[s]: 1) давать, предоставлять; управляет косвенным дополнением, переводимым дательным падежом, вм. 給; 2) для, за, вм. 為; 3) вступать в союз; союзный; компания, содружество; помогать; ободрять; быть в хороших отношениях; быть заодно; 4) и; союз между существительными, вм. 和; 5) или; разделительный союз между глаголами; 6) с; 7) чем; или лучше; 8) следовать, слушаться; 9) ждать, ожидать; 10) принимать, обращаться с...; 11) Юй (фамилия); [yù] 1) участвовать в...; 2) вместе с ним; [yú] конечная вопросительная частица, вм. 歟

Comments: A somewhat later (but attested already in L.Zhou) reading is *laʔ-s, MC jö̀ (FQ 羊茹), Mand. yù, Viet. dụ' 'to participate, take part'. The character 與 is also used in Shijing for OC *la (MC jö, FQ 以諸, Mand. yú), translated by Schüssler as: "perhaps: be rich". A reading *lha (MC jö, Pek. yú) is attested since Late Zhou as a contraction of 也 + 乎 (*lhiaj + *wā). For etymology cf. 以.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 12

Four-angle index: 7880

Karlgren code: 0089 b-d

Go-on: yo

Kan-on: yo

Japanese reading: yo;ataeru;kumisuru;azukaru;tomoni;to;yori

Vietnamese reading: dũ'

Shijing occurrences: 21.2, 22.2_, 31.2, 31.4, 37.2_, 37.3, 39.1, 39.4, 50.2, 58.3

Character: 舔

Modern (Beijing) reading: tiǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: slēmʔ

Classic Old Chinese: l̥ḗm

Western Han Chinese: l̥jā́m

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥iā́m

Early Postclassic Chinese: thiḗm

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thiḗm

Late Postclassic Chinese: thiḗm

Middle Chinese: thíem

English meaning : to lick [Tang]

Russian meaning[s]: лизать, пробовать на язык

Comments: Viet. liếm must be an archaic loan (unless it is a chance coincidence); standard Sino-Viet. is thiêm.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 135

Four-angle index: 8331

Vietnamese reading: liếm

Jianchuan Bai: ci1

Dali Bai: ci1

Bijiang Bai: ?ǯẽr1

Character: 舞

Modern (Beijing) reading: wǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: maʔ

Classic Old Chinese: má

Western Han Chinese: má

Eastern Han Chinese: mwá

Early Postclassic Chinese: mwó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mwó

Late Postclassic Chinese: mwó

Middle Chinese: mǘ

English meaning : to dance

Russian meaning[s]: 1) танцевать, кружиться, плясать; танец, пляска; 2) играть, забавляться; 3) жонглировать; 4) воодушевлять, поднимать; 5) злоупотреблять

Comments: Viet. múa is an archaic loanword; standard Sino-Viet. is vụ. For *m- cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou bu³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 136

Four-angle index: 2518

Karlgren code: 0103 g-h

Vietnamese reading: múa

Shijing occurrences: 38.1_, 38.2_