Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 稽

Modern (Beijing) reading: jī

Preclassic Old Chinese: kīj

Classic Old Chinese: kīj

Western Han Chinese: kjǝ̄j

Eastern Han Chinese: kiǝ̄j

Early Postclassic Chinese: kiēj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiēj

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiēj

Middle Chinese: kiej

English meaning : to search, research, examine, comprehend

Russian meaning[s]: 1) расследовать; ревизовать; 2) инструктировать; 3) изучать, рассматривать; 4) оставлять; задерживать; оттягивать, мешкать; 5) спорить; браниться; 6) сопоставлять; исчислять; 7) достигнуть; 8) Цзи (фамилия); [qǐ] класть земной поклон, бить челом

Comments: Used also for a homonymous *kīj 'to reach to'; for *khījʔ, MC khíej, Mand. jǐ 'to bow the head'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 115

Four-angle index: 1585

Karlgren code: 0552 o

Vietnamese reading: kê

Character: 稷

Modern (Beijing) reading: jì

Preclassic Old Chinese: cǝk

Classic Old Chinese: cǝk

Western Han Chinese: cǝk

Eastern Han Chinese: cjǝk

Early Postclassic Chinese: cjɨk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjɨk

Late Postclassic Chinese: cjɨk

Middle Chinese: cjɨk

English meaning : non-glutinous variety of broom-corn millet (Panicum miliaceum effusum); by some identified as Setaria italica

Russian meaning[s]: 1) гаолян, просо; 2) перен. престол, трон

Comments: ? Cf. PA *ǯi̯úgi 'millet'.

Radical: 115

Four-angle index: 6307

Karlgren code: 0922 b

Character: 稻

Modern (Beijing) reading: dào

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhūʔ (~ Łh-)

Classic Old Chinese: lhū́

Western Han Chinese: lhǝ̄́w

Eastern Han Chinese: lhǝ̄́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄́w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhā́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhā́w

Middle Chinese: dấw

Fanqie: 惰老

Rhyme class: 皓

English meaning : rice plant

Russian meaning[s]: рис (культура); рис на корню (необрушенный)

Shuowen gloss: 稌也. 從禾. 舀聲.

Comments: Viet. lúa is an archaic loanword; regular Sino-Viet. is d_ạo. For aspiration cf. Jianou thau⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 115

Four-angle index: 1055

Karlgren code: 1078 h-k

Vietnamese reading: lúa

Character: 窯

Modern (Beijing) reading: yáo

Russian meaning[s]: 1) печь; гончарня; 2) угольная шахта; 3) пещерное жилище, жилая пещера; 4) дом терпимости

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 116

Four-angle index: 8527

Karlgren code: 1144 b-c

Character: 窮

Modern (Beijing) reading: qióng

Preclassic Old Chinese: guŋ

Classic Old Chinese: guŋ

Western Han Chinese: gǝuŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: gǝuŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: gɨuŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: guŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: guŋ

Middle Chinese: güŋ

English meaning : destitution, poverty

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бедность; нужда, нищета; бедный, обнищавший; обеднеть; несчастный, жалкий; 2) предел; довести до предела; кончать(ся); крайность; истощаться; иссякать; истощенный; 3) исследовать, выяснять; доискиваться

Comments: A later semantic development is 'extremeness, extremity'. For *g- cf. Xiamen kiŋ², Fuzhou küŋ², Jianou köŋ² (Chaozhou khioŋ² is secondary).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 116

Four-angle index: 4625

Karlgren code: 1006 g-h

Vietnamese reading: cùng

Shijing occurrences: 35.6_

Character: 箭

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćens

Classic Old Chinese: cenh

Western Han Chinese: cjanh

Eastern Han Chinese: cjanh

Early Postclassic Chinese: cjèn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjèn

Late Postclassic Chinese: cjèn

Middle Chinese: cjèn

English meaning : small bamboo; arrow [L. Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) стрела; 2) малорослый бамбук (Phyllostachys bambusoides)

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is tiễn.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 118

Four-angle index: 2850

Karlgren code: 0245 h

Vietnamese reading: tên

Jianchuan Bai: ćĩ2

Dali Bai: ći3

Bijiang Bai: cẽ2

Character: 箱

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: saŋ

Classic Old Chinese: saŋ

Western Han Chinese: saŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: sjaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjaŋ

Middle Chinese: sjaŋ

English meaning : box; freight carriage

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ящик; чемодан; сундук; 2) багажник

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 118

Four-angle index: 1676

Karlgren code: 0731 f

Jianchuan Bai: śõ4

Dali Bai: śa5-

Bijiang Bai: šõ4-

Character: 範

Modern (Beijing) reading: fàn

English meaning : perhaps: plan

Russian meaning[s]: 1) образец, модель, стандарт, шаблон; 2) рамки; ограниченный рамками; 3) обычай, правило, закон

Radical: 118

Four-angle index: 7032

Karlgren code: 0626 d

Character: 箴

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhēn

English meaning : needle; criticism

Russian meaning[s]: 1) усовещевать; предостерегать; наставлять; наставление; 2) игла (швейная, медицинская), вм. 針

Radical: 118

Four-angle index: 6852

Karlgren code: 0671 n

Character: 篆

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhuàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łhonʔ (~ -rʔ)

Classic Old Chinese: Łhwán

Western Han Chinese: Łhwán

Eastern Han Chinese: lhwán

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhwén

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhwén

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhwén

Middle Chinese: ḍwén

English meaning : a style of writing, ornament [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) чжуань (древний почерк письма, применяется на печатях); 2) печать (служебная, именная); 3) орнамент вязью

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 118

Four-angle index: 5606

Karlgren code: 0171 g

Vietnamese reading: triện

Character: 篇

Modern (Beijing) reading: piān

Preclassic Old Chinese: phen

Classic Old Chinese: phen

Western Han Chinese: phjan

Eastern Han Chinese: phjan

Early Postclassic Chinese: phjen

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phjen

Late Postclassic Chinese: phjen

Middle Chinese: phjen

English meaning : writing slip, section in writing [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) брошюра; статья; сочинение; книга; 2) счетный суффикс для списков, сочинений

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 118

Four-angle index: 3708

Karlgren code: 0246 j

Character: 篁

Modern (Beijing) reading: huáng

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бамбук; 2) бамбуковая чаща

Radical: 118

Four-angle index: 333

Karlgren code: 0708 h

Character: 箠

Modern (Beijing) reading: chuí

Russian meaning[s]: кнут; плети, батоги; пороть (бить) батогами

Radical: 118

Four-angle index: 412

Character: 篌

Modern (Beijing) reading: hóu

Russian meaning[s]: цитра

Radical: 118

Four-angle index: 5052

Character: 糊

Modern (Beijing) reading: hú

Preclassic Old Chinese: gā

Classic Old Chinese: gā

Western Han Chinese: gā

Eastern Han Chinese: gā

Early Postclassic Chinese: gō

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gō

Late Postclassic Chinese: gō

Middle Chinese: ɣo

English meaning : paste, starch-paste, glue [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) клей, клейстер; крахмал; клеить; 2) глупый, дурацкий, безрассудный; 3) кое-как

Comments: For *g- cf. Xiamen kɔ², Chaozhou kou², Fuzhou ku², Jianou ku⁹.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 119

Four-angle index: 3472

Vietnamese reading: hồ

Character: 締

Modern (Beijing) reading: dì

Russian meaning[s]: узел; крепко связывать, завязывать (узлом); тесная связь

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 3902

Karlgren code: 0877 j

Character: 練

Modern (Beijing) reading: liàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: rēns

Classic Old Chinese: rēnh

Western Han Chinese: rjānh

Eastern Han Chinese: riānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: liḕn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: liḕn

Late Postclassic Chinese: liḕn

Middle Chinese: lìen

English meaning : to boil (silk), to purify silk (by boiling)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вываривать [шелк]; готовый шелк; 2) обучаться; упражняться, практиковаться; натренированный; обученный, квалифицированный; рафинированный; 3) отбирать, выбирать; 4) Лянь (фамилия)

Comments: Already in Shujing a metaphoric meaning ('to purify oneself, to improve oneself') is attested; later the word was widely used in the meaning 'to practise, exercise'. The source of labialisation in Viet. is not clear (there was certainly no labialisation in the Chinese source). For *r- cf. Xiamen lian⁶, Chaozhou, Fuzhou lieŋ⁶, Jianou liŋ⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 5402

Karlgren code: 0185 i

Vietnamese reading: luyện

Character: 緯

Modern (Beijing) reading: wèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: whǝjʔs

Classic Old Chinese: whǝjh

Western Han Chinese: whǝjh

Eastern Han Chinese: whǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: whɨś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: whɨ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: whɨ̀j

Middle Chinese: wɨ̀j

English meaning : woof, weave [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) уток (ткани); ткать; 2) поперечные линии; геогр. широта; параллель; 3) упорядочить, привести в порядок; 4) гадательные книги

Comments: Used also for *whǝjʔ, MC wɨ́j 'bind' (whence the modern reading with 3d tone). For *wh cf. Chaozhou hui⁶, Fuzhou hoi⁵.

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 2540

Karlgren code: 0571 m

Character: 緻

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhì

Russian meaning[s]: 1) точный; точность; 2) тонкий, деликатный; мягкий; 3) плотный, густой

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 6158

Character: 緘

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiān

English meaning : rope, seal

Russian meaning[s]: 1) связывать, обвязывать; 2) запечатывать [письмо, пакет]; конверт, письмо, пакет

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 6849

Karlgren code: 0671 i-j