Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 黔

Modern (Beijing) reading: qián

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghram

Classic Old Chinese: ghram

Western Han Chinese: ghram

Eastern Han Chinese: ghram

Early Postclassic Chinese: ghem

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ghem

Late Postclassic Chinese: ghem

Middle Chinese: gem

English meaning : black [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сокр. провинция Гуйчжоу; 2) черный; перен. народ, масса; 3) Цянь (фамилия)

Comments: Also read *ghrǝm, MC gim id. For *gh cf. Fuzhou khieŋ².

Radical: 203

Four-angle index: 2792

Karlgren code: 0651 r

Character: 龍

Modern (Beijing) reading: lóng

Preclassic Old Chinese: roŋ

Classic Old Chinese: roŋ

Western Han Chinese: roŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: roŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: loŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: loŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: loŋ

Middle Chinese: löuŋ

English meaning : dragon

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дракон; 2) император; императорский; высочайший; 3) крепкий, мощный; талантливый; 4) кряж, горная цепь; 5) Лун (фамилия)

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is long. For OC *r- cf. Min forms: Xiamen liŋ², liɔŋ², Chaozhou leŋ², Fuzhou lüŋ², Jianou löŋ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 212

Four-angle index: 7155

Karlgren code: 1193 a-e

Vietnamese reading: rồng

Jianchuan Bai: nü7

Dali Bai: nü7

Bijiang Bai: lü7

Character: 龜

Modern (Beijing) reading: guī

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷrǝ

Classic Old Chinese: kwrǝ

Western Han Chinese: kwrǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: kwrǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwɨ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwij

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwi

Middle Chinese: kʷi

English meaning : turtle, tortoise; bone oracle in general

Russian meaning[s]: 1) черепаха (как символ долголетия); долголетие; 2) черепаховый щит; 3) гадать; [jūn] потрескаться; трещины (на коже от мороза)

Comments: A more archaic loan may be Viet. rùa 'tortoise' (with a simplification of the initial cluster).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 213

Four-angle index: 7186

Vietnamese reading: qui, quy

Character: 優

Modern (Beijing) reading: yōu

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔu

Classic Old Chinese: ʔu

Western Han Chinese: ʔǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔǝw

Middle Chinese: ʔǝw

English meaning : be ample, wide; pleasant

Russian meaning[s]: 1) обильный; превосходный; великолепный; преобладать; превосходить; преимущество; 2) актер; играть (на сцене); забавляться, шутить; 3) слабый, мягкий; 4) Ю (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 6329

Karlgren code: 1071 d

Vietnamese reading: u'u

Character: 償

Modern (Beijing) reading: cháng

Preclassic Old Chinese: dhaŋ

Classic Old Chinese: dhaŋ

Western Han Chinese: dhaŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒhaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒhaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒhaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒhaŋ

Middle Chinese: ʒ́aŋ

English meaning : to indemnify, pay back

Russian meaning[s]: возвращать (отдавать) долг; оплачивать; возмещать; вознаграждать; покрывать, компенсировать

Comments: For *dh- cf. Xiamen chiɔŋ². Also read *dhaŋ-s, MC ʒ́àŋ id. (Mand. here has shǎng - as a result of confusion with 賞 q.v.).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 7965

Karlgren code: 0725 y

Vietnamese reading: thu'ò'ng

Character: 儡

Modern (Beijing) reading: lěi

Russian meaning[s]: 傀儡 марионетка; кукла

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 1717

Karlgren code: 0577 j

Character: 儲

Modern (Beijing) reading: chú

Preclassic Old Chinese: dhra

Classic Old Chinese: dhra

Western Han Chinese: ḍha

Eastern Han Chinese: ḍha

Early Postclassic Chinese: ḍho

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ḍho

Late Postclassic Chinese: ḍho

Middle Chinese: ḍö

English meaning : collect, store up [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сберегать, накоплять; запасать; 2) Чу (фамилия)

Comments: For *dh- cf. Chaozhou chi², Xiamen thu³ (reflecting an unattested parallel reading *thraʔ).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 1604

Karlgren code: 0045 |l ́

Character: 勵

Modern (Beijing) reading: lì

Preclassic Old Chinese: rats

Classic Old Chinese: rać

Western Han Chinese: raś

Eastern Han Chinese: raś

Early Postclassic Chinese: leś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lèj

Late Postclassic Chinese: lèj

Middle Chinese: lèj

English meaning : to exert oneself; energetically

Russian meaning[s]: 1) стараться, прилежно работать; 2) воодушевлять, поощрять; 3) Ли (фамилия)

Comments: For *r- cf. Xiamen le⁶, Chaozhou li⁴, Fuzhou la⁶.

Radical: 19

Four-angle index: 4701

Karlgren code: 0340 c

Character: 嚎

Modern (Beijing) reading: háo

Russian meaning[s]: громко рыдать; вопить, голосить

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 5591

Character: 嚀

Modern (Beijing) reading: níng

Russian meaning[s]: настойчиво предлагать, убеждать; приставать; ну!, ну-те!

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 2940

Character: 嚅

Modern (Beijing) reading: ru

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 嚇

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiǎ

Preclassic Old Chinese: hrāk

Classic Old Chinese: hrāk

Western Han Chinese: hrāk

Eastern Han Chinese: hrāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: hẹ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hẹ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: hẹ̄k

Middle Chinese: xạ̈ik

English meaning : scare

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пугать, запугивать, устрашать; 2) пугаться; 3) кричать в гневе; гнев

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 8324

Karlgren code: 0779 b

Character: 嚏

Modern (Beijing) reading: tì

Preclassic Old Chinese: tīts

Classic Old Chinese: tīć

Western Han Chinese: tjǝ̄ś

Eastern Han Chinese: tiǝ̄ś

Early Postclassic Chinese: tiēś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tiḕj

Late Postclassic Chinese: tiḕj

Middle Chinese: tìej

English meaning : to gasp

Russian meaning[s]: чихать; насморк

Comments: For some reason absent in Schüssler's dictionary. Modern t- is irregular (*dì would be normally expected).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 5857

Karlgren code: 0415 e

Shijing occurrences: 30.3_

Character: 壕

Modern (Beijing) reading: háo

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)āw

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)āw

Western Han Chinese: gāw (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gāw (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gāw (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gāw (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gāw (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣâw

English meaning : ditch, dike [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: ров (городской); окоп, траншея

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 5590

Karlgren code: 1129 y

Vietnamese reading: hào

Character: 壓

Modern (Beijing) reading: yā

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔrāp

Classic Old Chinese: ʔrāp

Western Han Chinese: ʔrāp

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔrāp

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔạ̄p

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔạ̄p

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔạ̄p

Middle Chinese: ʔạp

English meaning : to press,compress;get close,approach [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) давить, жать; угнетать; 2) гнуть, сгибать; 3) прикрыть; отставить, отменить

Comments: Cf. also Viet. ẹp 'crushed, flattened' (probably borrowed from the same source). Regular Sino-Viet. is áp.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 213

Karlgren code: 0616 h

Go-on: efu

Kan-on: afu

Vietnamese reading: ép

Character: 壑

Modern (Beijing) reading: huò

English meaning : moat

Russian meaning[s]: 1) падь, ров; пропасть; 2) лужа

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 226

Karlgren code: 0767 a

Character: 壎

Modern (Beijing) reading: xuān

English meaning : ocarina

Russian meaning[s]: муз. окарина

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 8539

Karlgren code: 0461 j

Character: 嬰

Modern (Beijing) reading: yīng

Russian meaning[s]: 1) новорожденный ребенок; ребенок; 2) ожерелье, бусы; 3) надевать, украшать(ся); 4) окружать, огораживать; обступать со всех сторон; 5) грудь; 6) Ин (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 8856

Karlgren code: 0814 a-b

Character: 嬪

Modern (Beijing) reading: pín

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)in

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)in

Western Han Chinese: b(h)jǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)jǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)jin

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)jin

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)jin

Middle Chinese: bjin

English meaning : become wife to; queen; dead wife; concubine

Russian meaning[s]: наложница императора*

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 9999

Karlgren code: 0389 m-n

Character: 嬤

Modern (Beijing) reading: ma

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0