Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 臉

Modern (Beijing) reading: liǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ramʔ

Classic Old Chinese: rám

Western Han Chinese: rám

Eastern Han Chinese: rám

Early Postclassic Chinese: lém

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lém

Late Postclassic Chinese: lém

Middle Chinese: lém

English meaning : cheek [Tang]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) лицо; облик; 2) честь, репутация; 3) совесть, см. 臉皮; 4) театр. грим, маска

Comments: A later meaning is 'face > outlook, reputation'. For *r cf. Xiamen lian³, Chaozhou lieŋ³ (with unclear reflex of *-n; cf. Xiamen lit. liam³), Fuzhou lieŋ³, Jianou liŋ³.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 7828

Character: 膾

Modern (Beijing) reading: kuài

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷāts

Classic Old Chinese: kwāć

Western Han Chinese: kwāś

Eastern Han Chinese: kwāś

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwāś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwā̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwā̀j

Middle Chinese: kwầj

English meaning : to mince (food)

Russian meaning[s]: фарш из мелко нарубленного мяса

Comments: Normal Sino-Viet. is khoái (with the same secondary aspiration as in Mand.).

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 1517

Vietnamese reading: go`i

Character: 臨

Modern (Beijing) reading: lín

Preclassic Old Chinese: rǝm

Classic Old Chinese: rǝm

Western Han Chinese: rǝm

Eastern Han Chinese: rǝm

Early Postclassic Chinese: lim

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lim

Late Postclassic Chinese: lim

Middle Chinese: lim

English meaning : to approach; look down

Russian meaning[s]: 1) приближаться к..., доходить; посетить, навестить; наблюдать, лично посмотреть; 2) подражать, копировать; 3) наступать; с наступлением (о времени); при приближении (к месту); в, около; до; 4) Линь (фамилия)

Comments: For *r- cf. Min forms: Xiamen, Chaozhou lim², Fuzhou liŋ², Jianou lɛiŋ⁹.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 131

Four-angle index: 1069

Karlgren code: 0669 e-g

Shijing occurrences: 29.1

Character: 舉

Modern (Beijing) reading: jǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: klaʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ká

Western Han Chinese: ká

Eastern Han Chinese: ká

Early Postclassic Chinese: kó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kó

Late Postclassic Chinese: kó

Middle Chinese: kö́

English meaning : to rise, surge, start; to lift, promote

Russian meaning[s]: 1) поднимать(ся); повышать(ся); 2) завладеть; 3) рекомендовать, выдвигать; хвалить, восхищаться; 4) записывать, отмечать; перечислять; 5) рождать; начинать(ся); 6) акт, событие, действие; 7) все, все; полностью, целиком

Comments: Viet. also has gio' 'to show, to raise': is it a colloquial loanword from the same source? Derived with a *k-prefix from *laʔ, see 舁.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 134

Four-angle index: 2459

Karlgren code: 0075 a

Go-on: ko

Kan-on: kiyo

Japanese reading: kyo+;ageru+;agaru+

Vietnamese reading: cu`'

Character: 艱

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiān

Preclassic Old Chinese: krǝ̄n

Classic Old Chinese: krǝ̄n

Western Han Chinese: krǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: krǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: kǝ̣̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiǝ̣̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiǝ̣̄n

Middle Chinese: kạ̈n

English meaning : distress, difficulty, hardship; distressing news; cause distress

Russian meaning[s]: 1) трудный, тяжелый; тягостный, мучительный; огорчение; трудность; тягость; беда, несчастье; 2) смерть родителей

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 138

Four-angle index: 5769

Karlgren code: 0480 c-d

Vietnamese reading: gian

Shijing occurrences: 40.1_

Character: 薪

Modern (Beijing) reading: xīn

Preclassic Old Chinese: sin

Classic Old Chinese: sin

Western Han Chinese: sjǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: sjǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjin

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjin

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjin

Middle Chinese: sjin

English meaning : firewood, brushwood

Russian meaning[s]: 1) топливо; дрова, хворост; 2) жалованье

Shuowen gloss: �也.從草.新聲. [44]

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 2005

Karlgren code: 0382 n

Jianchuan Bai: śĩ4

Dali Bai: śi5

Bijiang Bai: sẽ4

Shijing occurrences: 9.2, 9.3, 32.2_

Character: 薄

Modern (Beijing) reading: bó

Preclassic Old Chinese: bāk

Classic Old Chinese: bāk

Western Han Chinese: bāk

Eastern Han Chinese: bāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: bāk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bāk

Late Postclassic Chinese: bāk

Middle Chinese: bâk

English meaning : be thin

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тонкий; жидкий; слабый; 2) ничтожный, недостойный; вежл. мой; 3) незадачливый, несчастный (о судьбе); 4) худосочный, тощий (о земле); 5) пресный, безвкусный; 6) бесчувственный, равнодушный; 7) презрительно; невнимательно; 8) близиться к...; близко к...; 9) покрывать; 10) занавеска; 11) густой (о траве); 12) Бао (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 林薄也.一曰蠶薄.從草.溥聲. [41]

Comments: Pek. has a colloquial reading báo and a more standard one: bó. Also means 'to press, press on, suppress' (probably a semantic derivate: 'to make thin'). For initial *b- cf. Min forms: Xiamen, Chaozhou poʔ⁸, Fuzhou pok⁸, Jianou pɔ⁸.

The character is also used for a homonymous word *bāk, which Sch. defines as follows: "meaning much debated; perhaps a -k derivation (distributive) from the stem *ba 夫 'that', hence 'of all places, that one': there".

A usage due to phonetic similarity is witnessed in the reduplication 薄薄 MC phâk-phâk, OC *phāk-phāk 'to go or sound phak-phak'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 3198

Karlgren code: 0771 p

Jianchuan Bai: po2

Dali Bai: po2

Bijiang Bai: po2

Shijing occurrences: 2.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 13.3, 26.2, 35.2

Character: 蕾

Modern (Beijing) reading: lěi

Russian meaning[s]: почка, бутон

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 1755

Character: 薜

Modern (Beijing) reading: bì

Russian meaning[s]: 薜荔 бот. 1) смоковница (Ficus pumila); 2) зоря (Ligusticum acutilobum, лекарственное растение)

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 2413

Karlgren code: 0853 x

Character: 薑

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: kaŋ

Classic Old Chinese: kaŋ

Western Han Chinese: kaŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: kaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kaŋ

Middle Chinese: kaŋ

English meaning : ginger [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: имбирь (Zingiber officinale)

Comments: Normal Sino-Viet. is khu'o'ng.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 64

Karlgren code: 0710 d

Vietnamese reading: gù'ng

Jianchuan Bai: kõ4

Dali Bai: kou5

Bijiang Bai: kü4

Character: 薔

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiáng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́haŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ʒhaŋ

Western Han Chinese: ʒhaŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒhjaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒhjaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒhjaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒhjaŋ

Middle Chinese: ʒjaŋ

English meaning : rose [Jin]

Russian meaning[s]: 薔薇 бот. красная роза (Rosa acicularis)

Comments: For *ʒ́h cf. Fuzhou chioŋ².

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 1835

Character: 薯

Modern (Beijing) reading: shǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: das

Classic Old Chinese: dah

Western Han Chinese: dah

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́ah

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́ò

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́ò

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́ò

Middle Chinese: ʒ́ö̀

English meaning : patate, taro [Jin]

Russian meaning[s]: ямс, батат, сладкий картофель

Comments: For *d cf. Xiamen cu², Chaozhou cǝ⁴, Fuzhou sü² (going back to a variant *da, MC *ʒ́ö).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 1621

Jianchuan Bai: -chü3

Dali Bai: -chü2

Character: 薛

Modern (Beijing) reading: xuē xiē

Preclassic Old Chinese: sŋhet

Classic Old Chinese: sŋ̥et

Western Han Chinese: sŋ̥jat

Eastern Han Chinese: s(h)jat

Early Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jet

Middle Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jet

Late Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jet

Middle Chinese: sjet

English meaning : place name [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) Сюе (фамилия); 2) ист. Се (название княжества); 3) полынь

Comments: The original meaning is 'name of a plant', attested only since Han.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 2418

Karlgren code: 0289 d-e.

Character: 薇

Modern (Beijing) reading: wéi

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)ǝj

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)ǝj

Western Han Chinese: m(h)ǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)wǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)wɨj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)wɨj

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)wɨj

Middle Chinese: mwɨj

English meaning : name of an edible fern (Osmunda regalis)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дикий салат; 2) папоротник; 3) шиповник

Comments: The Mand. 1st tone may indicate *mh- (but may as well be a "learned" 平聲).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 6246

Karlgren code: 0584 f

Shijing occurrences: 14.3_

Character: 薨

Modern (Beijing) reading: hōng

Preclassic Old Chinese: smhǝ̄ŋ

Classic Old Chinese: sm̥ǝ̄ŋ

Western Han Chinese: sm̥ǝ̄ŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: m̥ǝ̄ŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄ŋ

Middle Chinese: xwʌŋ

English meaning : (perhaps:) be buzzing

Russian meaning[s]: смерть (государя); почить

Shuowen gloss: 公侯卒也.從死.**省聲. [164]

Comments: The original meaning of the character is 'to die (of high officials)', although it is attested only since Han. During Early Zhou the character is used only within the onomatopoeic reduplication 薨薨 *smhǝ̄ŋ-smhǝ̄ŋ 'be buzzing'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 6992

Karlgren code: 0902 g

Shijing occurrences: 5.2_

Character: 薊

Modern (Beijing) reading: jì

Preclassic Old Chinese: kēts (~ -ī-)

Classic Old Chinese: kēć

Western Han Chinese: kjāś

Eastern Han Chinese: kiāś

Early Postclassic Chinese: kiēś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiḕj

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiḕj

Middle Chinese: kìej

English meaning : sow-thistle [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) чертополох (Cirsium); 2) Цзи (фамилия)

Comments: The character is attested since L. Zhou, but only as part of place names.

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 2922

Go-on: ke

Kan-on: kei

Japanese reading: kei;ke;azami

Character: 虧

Modern (Beijing) reading: kuī

Preclassic Old Chinese: khʷaj

Classic Old Chinese: khwaj

Western Han Chinese: khwaj

Eastern Han Chinese: khwe

Early Postclassic Chinese: khwe

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khwe

Late Postclassic Chinese: khwe

Middle Chinese: khwe

English meaning : to wane, fail

Russian meaning[s]: 1) недостача, ущерб; потерпеть ущерб; потеря, убыток; 2) убывать; пустой; 3) к счастью; ирон. хорошо еще, что...

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is khuy. The archaic loan khuây probably reflects a causative usage of the word ('to make wane, fail' > 'to forget; to relieve, alleviate').

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 141

Four-angle index: 4467

Karlgren code: 0028 a

Vietnamese reading: khuây

Character: 蟀

Modern (Beijing) reading: shuài

Russian meaning[s]: сверчок*

Radical: 142

Four-angle index: 9999

Character: 蟑

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhang

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 螳

Modern (Beijing) reading: táng

Preclassic Old Chinese: dhāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: dhāŋ

Western Han Chinese: dhāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: dhāŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhāŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhāŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhāŋ

Middle Chinese: dâŋ

English meaning : mantis [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: зоол. богомол (Tenodera aridifolia)

Comments: For *dh cf. Chaozhou thaŋ².

Radical: 142

Four-angle index: 189

Karlgren code: 0725 |d ́