Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 尿

Modern (Beijing) reading: niào

Preclassic Old Chinese: nēws (~ -ī-, ~ -kʷs)

Classic Old Chinese: nēwh

Western Han Chinese: njāwh

Eastern Han Chinese: niāwh

Early Postclassic Chinese: niḕw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: niḕw

Late Postclassic Chinese: niḕw

Middle Chinese: nìew

English meaning : to urinate, urine [Tang]

Russian meaning[s]: урина; моча; мочиться

Comments: Viet. t- is rather strange here, so Viet. tiê`u may be quite independent from the Chinese word. Another possible explanation of the Viet. word would be a contraction of the Chinese euphemism for 'urine, urinating' 小便 (MC sjéw-bjèn), see 小. For *n cf. Xiamen zio⁶, Chaozhou zie⁶ (reflecting an unattested variant MC *ńèw, OC *news), Fuzhou nieu⁶, Jianou niau⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 5505

Vietnamese reading: tiê`u

Character: 尾

Modern (Beijing) reading: wěi

Preclassic Old Chinese: mǝjʔ

Classic Old Chinese: mǝ́j

Western Han Chinese: mǝ́j

Eastern Han Chinese: mwǝ́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: mwɨ́j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mwɨ́j

Late Postclassic Chinese: mwɨ́j

Middle Chinese: mwɨ́j

English meaning : tail

Russian meaning[s]: 1) хвост; 2) конец; конечный остаток; дробь; 3) сзади, вслед; по пятам; 4) счетный суффикс рыб; 5) Вэй (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 微也.從到毛在尸後.古人或飾系尾.西南夷皆然.凡尾之屬皆從尾. [402]

Comments: For OC *m- cf. Min forms: Xiamen be³, Chaozhou bue³, Fuzhou muoi³, Jianou müɛ³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 44

Four-angle index: 7222

Karlgren code: 0583 a-b

Jianchuan Bai: ŋü1-

Dali Bai: mi3-

Bijiang Bai: mer1-

Shijing occurrences: 10.3_, 37.4

Character: 岐

Modern (Beijing) reading: qí

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)e

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)e

Western Han Chinese: g(h)e

Eastern Han Chinese: g(h)je

Early Postclassic Chinese: g(h)je

Middle Postclassic Chinese: g(h)je

Late Postclassic Chinese: g(h)je

Middle Chinese: gje

English meaning : to stride

Russian meaning[s]: 1) высокий, величественный; 2) разветвление дорог, см. 歧; 3) Ци (фамилия)

Radical: 46

Four-angle index: 6064

Karlgren code: 0864 h

Character: 岑

Modern (Beijing) reading: cén

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пик; 2) обрывистый, высокий

Radical: 46

Four-angle index: 2795

Character: 岔

Modern (Beijing) reading: chà

Russian meaning[s]: 1) развилок дорог; перекресток трех дорог; 2) срезать (дорогу), пройти напрямик; 3) помеха; неприятность; перебивать, мешать; [chá] 1) недостаток; испортиться; 2) нарушить слово; [chǎ] разойтись, не поладить; разлад

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 46

Four-angle index: 985

Character: 岌

Modern (Beijing) reading: jí

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋh(r)ǝp

Classic Old Chinese: ŋh(r)ǝp

Western Han Chinese: ŋh(r)ǝp

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋh(r)ǝp

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋhip

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋhip

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋhip

English meaning : high mound [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) высокий (о горе); крутой; 2) опасный

Comments: For *ŋh cf. Fuzhou ŋek⁷.

Radical: 46

Four-angle index: 6356

Character: 巫

Modern (Beijing) reading: wú

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)a

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)a

Western Han Chinese: m(h)a

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)wa

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)wo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)wo

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)wo

Middle Chinese: mü

English meaning : shaman, magician [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: шаманка, шаман; колдунья; знахарь

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 48

Four-angle index: 131

Karlgren code: 0105 a

Character: 希

Modern (Beijing) reading: xī

Preclassic Old Chinese: hǝj

Classic Old Chinese: hǝj

Western Han Chinese: hǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: hǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: hɨj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hɨj

Late Postclassic Chinese: hɨj

Middle Chinese: xɨj

English meaning : fine, thin-haired

Russian meaning[s]: 1) надеяться; эпист. надеюсь, что Вы...; возлагать надежды на...; 2) редкий, неплотный; жидкий; 3) редкий, редкостный; мало, вм. 稀; 4) беззвучный; постепенно затихнуть, замереть; 5) Си (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 50

Four-angle index: 3864

Karlgren code: 0549 a

Character: 序

Modern (Beijing) reading: xù

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhaʔ

Classic Old Chinese: lhá

Western Han Chinese: lhá

Eastern Han Chinese: zhá

Early Postclassic Chinese: zhó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhó

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhó

Middle Chinese: zjö́

English meaning : to arrange in a row, arrange, order; succeed

Russian meaning[s]: 1) порядок, последовательность; расставить в порядке; 2) предисловие (книги); 3) древн. школа

Comments: Used also for *lhaʔ 'space along North-South running walls at the side of a hall, galleries' (Sch.: 'probably same word as 序). A later meaning is ('ordering' > ) 'preface'. Standard Sino-Viet. is tụ'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 53

Four-angle index: 3027

Karlgren code: 0083 h

Vietnamese reading: tụ'a

Character: 庇

Modern (Beijing) reading: bì

Preclassic Old Chinese: pijs

Classic Old Chinese: pić

Western Han Chinese: pjǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: pjǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: pjiś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pjìj

Late Postclassic Chinese: pjì

Middle Chinese: pjì

English meaning : to cover; protect (LZ)

Russian meaning[s]: покрывать, прикрывать; защищать; покровительствовать

Radical: 53

Four-angle index: 6933

Karlgren code: 0566 p

Character: 床

Modern (Beijing) reading: chuáng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́(h)raŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)raŋ

Western Han Chinese: ʒ̣(h)aŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ̣(h)aŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ̣(h)aŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ̣(h)aŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ̣(h)aŋ

Middle Chinese: ʒ̣aŋ

English meaning : bed

Russian meaning[s]: вм. ...

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is sàng.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 53

Four-angle index: 5158

Vietnamese reading: giu'ò'ŋ

Jianchuan Bai: cõ7

Bijiang Bai: ṭõ7

Character: 廷

Modern (Beijing) reading: tíng

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łhēŋ

Classic Old Chinese: Łhēŋ

Western Han Chinese: Łhēŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: lhiēŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhiēŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhiēŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhiēŋ

Middle Chinese: dieŋ

English meaning : = 庭

Russian meaning[s]: 1) двор (императорский); 2) стар. экзамены при дворе; 3) прямой, ровный; выпрямить

Comments: For *Łh- cf. Chaozhou theŋ².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 54

Four-angle index: 6635

Karlgren code: 0835 d-g

Vietnamese reading: d_ình

Character: 弄

Modern (Beijing) reading: lòng

Preclassic Old Chinese: rōŋs

Classic Old Chinese: rōŋh

Western Han Chinese: rōŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: rōŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: lṑŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lṑŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: lwṑŋ

Middle Chinese: lùŋ

English meaning : perhaps: toy; play with

Russian meaning[s]: 1) играть, забавляться; жонглировать; 2) заигрывать; вышучивать; оскорблять; 3) играть (на инструменте, на сцене); 4) доиграться; 5) сделать, достать, добыть, раздобыть (напр. деньги); 6) приготовить, состряпать (пищу); 7) заронить (огонь); 8) получить (зарплату); 9) модальный глагол перед прилагательными; 10) переулок; 11) шанх. диал. дробная черта в составе номера дома; [nòng] диал. в значениях 5) и 9); [nèng nòu] диал. в значениях 2) и 3)

Comments: Mod. n- is secondary (assimilation). For *r cf. Xiamen lɔŋ⁶, Chaozhou loŋ⁴, Fuzhou löüŋ⁶, Jianou loŋ⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 55

Four-angle index: 2746

Karlgren code: 1180 a-b

Character: 弟

Modern (Beijing) reading: dì

Preclassic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ǝ̄jʔ

Classic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ǝ̄́j

Western Han Chinese: lǝ̄́j (~ Łh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄́j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄́j

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄́j

Middle Chinese: diéj

English meaning : younger brother

Russian meaning[s]: 1) младший брат; младший; эпист. я (к старшему); ты (к младшему); 2) порядок, последовательность, см. 第

Comments: Also read *Ł(h)ǝ̄jʔ-s, MC dìej (FQ 特計) id. Used also in the phrase 豈弟 *khǝ̄jʔ-Ł(h)ǝ̄jʔ 'to be joyous, pleased'. Viet d_ệ is colloquial; regular Sino-Viet. is d_ễ.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 57

Four-angle index: 4647

Karlgren code: 0591 a-c

Vietnamese reading: d_ệ

Jianchuan Bai: -thi1

Dali Bai: -the6

Bijiang Bai: -thie1

Shijing occurrences: 26.2, 35.2_, 39.2_, 51.1_, 51.2, 58.5

Character: 彤

Modern (Beijing) reading: tóng

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)ūŋ (~ l(h)-, ~Ł(h)-)

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)ūŋ

Western Han Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄uŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄uŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄uŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄uŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ōŋ

Middle Chinese: doŋ

English meaning : be red

Russian meaning[s]: яркокрасный

Radical: 59

Four-angle index: 4084

Karlgren code: 1008 e-f

Go-on: dou

Kan-on: tou

Japanese reading: dō;tō;aka;akai

Shijing occurrences: 42.2

Character: 形

Modern (Beijing) reading: xíng

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ēŋ

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ēŋ

Western Han Chinese: gēŋ (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: giēŋ (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: giēŋ (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: giēŋ (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: giēŋ (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣieŋ

English meaning : form, figure, shape

Russian meaning[s]: 1) фигура; вид, форма; рельеф местности; тело; модель; принимать форму, проявляться; иметь вид; 2) повидимому, кажется; 3) сравнивать, сопоставлять

Comments: Attested already in Yijing, but absent in Schüssler's dictionary. Etymologically probably the same word as 刑 *g(h)ēŋ q.v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 59

Four-angle index: 4082

Karlgren code: 0808 d

Vietnamese reading: hình

Character: 彷

Modern (Beijing) reading: páng

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)āŋ

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)āŋ

Western Han Chinese: b(h)āŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)āŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)āŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)āŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)āŋ

Middle Chinese: bwâŋ

English meaning : irresolute walk, hesitating [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 彷徨 блуждать; блуждания; мяться, быть в нерешительности

Comments: Also used as a loan for 髣 q.v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 60

Four-angle index: 4225

Karlgren code: 0740 |e ́

Character: 役

Modern (Beijing) reading: yì

Preclassic Old Chinese: wek

Classic Old Chinese: wek

Western Han Chinese: wek

Eastern Han Chinese: źwek

Early Postclassic Chinese: źwek

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jwek

Late Postclassic Chinese: jwek

Middle Chinese: jwek

English meaning : to exert, do service, do labour

Russian meaning[s]: 1) повинности, обязательная служба; барщина; 2) посылать, командировать; держать в услужении; слуга; посыльный, курьер; 3) дело, баталия, сражение; древн. охранять границы; 4) древн. делать

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is dịch.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 60

Four-angle index: 6118

Karlgren code: 0851 a

Vietnamese reading: việc

Character: 忘

Modern (Beijing) reading: wàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: maŋ

Classic Old Chinese: maŋ

Western Han Chinese: maŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: mwaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: mwaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mwaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: mwaŋ

Middle Chinese: mwàŋ

English meaning : to forget

Russian meaning[s]: 1) забывать; забывчивый; 2) упустить, пренебречь; 3) суетный; несознательный; темный, вм. 妄

Comments: Obviously same word as 亡 *maŋ 'to lose' q.v. It always rhymes in 平聲 in OC, and the variant *maŋ-s (whence MC màŋ) must be dialectal. Cf. also Min readings: Xiamen bɔŋ², Chaozhou buaŋ² reflecting *maŋ.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8354

Karlgren code: 0742 i-j

Shijing occurrences: 29.3_

Character: 忌

Modern (Beijing) reading: jì

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghǝʔs

Classic Old Chinese: ghǝh

Western Han Chinese: ghǝh

Eastern Han Chinese: ghǝh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ghɨ̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ghɨ̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: ghɨ̀

Middle Chinese: gɨ̀

English meaning : to dread, hate; be cautious

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ревновать; завидовать; 2) бояться, опасаться; избегать; питать отвращение к...; 3) дать зарок; отказаться от...; бросить (напр. пить); запрет, табу; 4) день (дата) смерти

Comments: Rhymes in 上聲 in the Shijing. Also read *kǝ(ʔ)s, MC kɨ̀, Mand. jì 'a final line filler particle' (not rhyming). A later meaning is '(dreadful event > ) anniversary of death'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8490

Karlgren code: 0953 s-t

Vietnamese reading: kỵ