Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 侈

Modern (Beijing) reading: chǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: thajʔ

Classic Old Chinese: tháj

Western Han Chinese: tháj

Eastern Han Chinese: ćháj

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćháj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćháj

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćháj

Middle Chinese: ćhé

English meaning : be great, large; extravagant, overbearing

Russian meaning[s]: 1) расточительствовать, мотать деньги; роскошь, излишество; 2) предаваться излишествам, развратничать; 3) чрезмерно, слишком

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 4160

Karlgren code: 0003 i

Character: 佩

Modern (Beijing) reading: pèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: bǝ̄s (~ -ks)

Classic Old Chinese: bǝ̄h

Western Han Chinese: bǝ̄h

Eastern Han Chinese: bǝ̄h

Early Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: bòj

English meaning : to hang on the belt; belt pendant

Russian meaning[s]: 1) носить (что-л.) на поясе; носить; надеть, быть при... (напр. шапке); древн. привески к поясу; 2) уважать, чтить

Comments: For *b- cf. Fuzhou puoi⁶, Chaozhou pue⁴; modern pèi is quite irregular.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 7651

Karlgren code: 0951 a-c

Character: 佻

Modern (Beijing) reading: tiáo

Preclassic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ēw

Classic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ēw

Western Han Chinese: ljāw (~ Łh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: l(h)iāw

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)iēw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)iēw

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)iēw

Middle Chinese: diew

English meaning : be coming and going

Russian meaning[s]: 1) стащить, отобрать, присвоить; обобрать; 2) пустой; несерьезный; слабый, легкий, незначительный; [yào] ослаблять(ся), смягчать; уменьшать

Comments: Also read *Ł(h)ēwʔ, MC díew id.; during Late Zhou used for *Ł(h)ēw, *ƛ(h)ēw 'usurp; frivolous, reckless'.

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 7522

Karlgren code: 1145 n

Character: 侖

Modern (Beijing) reading: lún

Preclassic Old Chinese: run

Classic Old Chinese: rwǝn

Western Han Chinese: rwǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: rwǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: lwin

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lwin

Late Postclassic Chinese: lwin

Middle Chinese: lwin

English meaning : to think, ponder [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: см. 崙, 綸

Comments: A late attested (but graphically primitive) variant of 論.

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 3709

Karlgren code: 0470 a

Character: 佾

Modern (Beijing) reading: yì

Preclassic Old Chinese: lit (~ Ł-, ~ -ǝ-)

Classic Old Chinese: lit

Western Han Chinese: ljǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jɨt

Late Postclassic Chinese: jɨt

Middle Chinese: jit

English meaning : row of pantomime [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: ряды танцующих; пляска

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 3573

Karlgren code: 0397 a

Character: 侏

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhū

Preclassic Old Chinese: to

Classic Old Chinese: to

Western Han Chinese: twa

Eastern Han Chinese: ćwa

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćwo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćwo

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćwo

Middle Chinese: ćü

English meaning : dwarf [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: короткий; низкий

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 5350

Karlgren code: 0128 d

Character: 侑

Modern (Beijing) reading: yòu

Preclassic Old Chinese: wǝʔs

Classic Old Chinese: wǝh

Western Han Chinese: wǝh

Eastern Han Chinese: wǝh

Early Postclassic Chinese: wǝ̀w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wǝ̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: wǝ̀w

Middle Chinese: ɦǝ̀w

English meaning : to offer, sacrifice; offer a drink, encourage to drink

Russian meaning[s]: помогать; побуждать, уговаривать

Comments: Sch.: perhaps same word as 佑 ('to help').

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 3506

Character: 兔

Modern (Beijing) reading: tù

Preclassic Old Chinese: thās (~ sl(h)-, ~ ƛ(h)-, ~ -ks)

Classic Old Chinese: thāh

Western Han Chinese: thāh

Eastern Han Chinese: thāh

Early Postclassic Chinese: thṑ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thṑ

Late Postclassic Chinese: thṑ

Middle Chinese: thò

English meaning : rabbit, hare

Russian meaning[s]: 1) заяц; кролик; обр. луна; 2) мальчик-наложник

Shuowen gloss: 兔獸也象兔踞後其尾形兔頭與#頭同凡兔之屬皆從兔. [472]

Comments: Cf. PA *t`ŏ̀gsu 'hare'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 10

Four-angle index: 7581

Karlgren code: 0063 a-b

Vietnamese reading: tho`

Jianchuan Bai: tho4-

Dali Bai: tho4-

Bijiang Bai: tho4-

Shijing occurrences: 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

Character: 兒

Modern (Beijing) reading: ér

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋe

Classic Old Chinese: ŋe

Western Han Chinese: ŋe

Eastern Han Chinese: ńe

Early Postclassic Chinese: ńe

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ńe

Late Postclassic Chinese: ńe

Middle Chinese: ńe

English meaning : child

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сын; мальчик, ребенок; 2) я, мой (к родителям); 3) сынок, ты (к младшим); 4) презр. мальчишка, сопляк; 5) мужской; самец; 6) суффикс имен существительных и наречий

Comments: For unaspirated *ŋ cf. Xiamen ʒi², Chaozhou zi², Fuzhou i².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 10

Four-angle index: 7360

Karlgren code: 0873 a-d

Vietnamese reading: nhi

Character: 兕

Modern (Beijing) reading: sì

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhijʔ

Classic Old Chinese: lhíj

Western Han Chinese: lhjǝ́j

Eastern Han Chinese: źhǝ́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: źhɨ́j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhɨ́j

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhɨ́j

Middle Chinese: zjí

English meaning : wild water buffalo, water buffalo [Sch. according to Lefeuvre; traditionally translated as "rhinoceros"]

Russian meaning[s]: носорог (самец)

Shuowen gloss: 狀如野牛而青.象形.

Radical: 10

Four-angle index: 7486

Karlgren code: 0556 a

Shijing occurrences: 3.3

Character: 兩

Modern (Beijing) reading: liǎng

Preclassic Old Chinese: rhaŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: rháŋ

Western Han Chinese: rháŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: rháŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: lháŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lháŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: lháŋ

Middle Chinese: láŋ

English meaning : a pair, two

Russian meaning[s]: 1) оба; два; и тот и другой; обе стороны; в обоих отношениях; на две части; пополам; 2) лан (название старой денежной единицы); таэль; 3) лан, лот (1/16 часть цзинь ныне около 31,25 грамма); 4) счетный суффикс повозок, вм. 輛

Comments: For *rh cf. Xiamen nŋ⁶, Chaozhou no⁴, Fuzhou laŋ⁶. Also read *raŋ-s 'a carriage' (the Min dialects point here to *r-, not *rh- - thus the derivation of this word from *rhaŋʔ as "a pair of wheels" is not certain - moreover, the Chaozhou reading nĩẽ² here points to lack of *-ʔ in the original form; see 輛). Since Han time the word was used also for the name of a measure of weight (about 31 grams), whence Viet. lạng 'tael'. Standard Sino-Viet. is lu'õ'ng.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 11

Four-angle index: 3934

Karlgren code: 0736 a-b

Go-on: riyau

Kan-on: riyau

Japanese reading: ryō;futatsu

Vietnamese reading: lạng

Jianchuan Bai: no2

Dali Bai: no2

Bijiang Bai: no2

Shijing occurrences: 12.1, 45.1, 45.2

Character: 具

Modern (Beijing) reading: jù

Preclassic Old Chinese: gos

Classic Old Chinese: goh

Western Han Chinese: gwah

Eastern Han Chinese: gwah

Early Postclassic Chinese: gwò

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gwò

Late Postclassic Chinese: gwò

Middle Chinese: gǜ

English meaning : to hoard; be complete, be together; provide, arrange

Russian meaning[s]: 1) орудие, инструмент; принадлежность, утварь; посуда; 2) иметь, обладать; получить, принять; 3) приготовить, составить; подать, представить; 4) вместе, совместно; и тот и другой; 5) полностью, сполна, в полной мере; в совершенстве; 6) внешний, формальный; 7) штука (счетное слово для инструментов и утвари); 8) талант, способности; 9) Цзюй (фамилия)

Comments: For *g- cf. Xiamen ku⁶, Chaozhou ku⁴, Fuzhou köü⁶, Jianou kü⁸.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 12

Four-angle index: 7886

Karlgren code: 0121 a-c

Character: 其

Modern (Beijing) reading: qí jī jì

Preclassic Old Chinese: gǝ kǝ kǝs

Classic Old Chinese: gǝ

Western Han Chinese: gǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: gǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: gɨ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gɨ

Late Postclassic Chinese: gɨ

Middle Chinese: gɨ kɨ kɨ̀

Fanqie: 勤移 [a] 吉醫 [b] 紀異 [c]

Rhyme class: 支 [ab] 寘 [c]

English meaning : this; his, her, its, their

Russian meaning[s]: 1) притяжательное местоимение его, их; свой; 2) он, оно, они (обычно в функции подлежащего придаточного предложения); 3) этот, тот; 4) древн. выделяет сказуемое, часто с сильной эмоциональной окраской; 5) совершенно, вполне; 6) разве, неужели, вм. 豈; 7) в будущем, в дальнейшем, вм. 將; 8) или же, либо же, вм. 抑; [jī] древн. конечная модальная частица, подчеркивает вопросительный оттенок предложения

Shuowen gloss: ?

Comments: For initial *g- cf. Min forms: Xiamen, Fuzhou ki², Jianou ki², kɛ² (Chaozhou khi² is secondary). In early inscriptions *gǝ is more frequently used as a modal predicate: "might, will, probably, likely", but it is normally used as a pronoun in Shijing and Shujing. There also exists a variant reading *kǝ-s, MC kɨ̀ (FQ JY 居吏), Mand. jì 'this, that' (occurring rarely, and with not very clear syntactic functions). Finally, there is a reading *kǝ, MC kɨ (FQ 居之), Mand. jī, used as a final prosodic (originally pronominal?) particle - also rather rare.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 12

Four-angle index: 7867

Karlgren code: 0952 a-e

Shijing occurrences: 2.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 14.2, 14.3, 15.3, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 24.3, 25.1, 27.1, 27.2, 27.4, 28.1, 28.3, 28.4, 30.4, 31.1, 31.3, 32.4, 33.1, 33.2, 34.2, 35.2, 35.3, 35.4, 37.2, 41.1, 41.2, 41.3, 42.1, 42.2, 44.1, 44.2, 47.2, 47.3, 50.2, 51.2, 54.3, 54.4, 57.1, 58.3, 58.4

Character: 典

Modern (Beijing) reading: diǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝ̄rʔ

Classic Old Chinese: tǝ̄́n

Western Han Chinese: tǝ̄́n

Eastern Han Chinese: tǝ̄́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄́n

Middle Chinese: tíen

English meaning : to direct

Russian meaning[s]: 1) закон, кодекс; правила; 2) соблюдать (напр. правила); ведать, управлять; 3) закладывать, отдавать в залог; 4) дать задаток и нанять (подрядить) на работу; 5) исторические события; 6) Дянь (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 12

Four-angle index: 7893

Karlgren code: 0476 a-c

Character: 冽

Modern (Beijing) reading: liè

Preclassic Old Chinese: rhat

Classic Old Chinese: rhat

Western Han Chinese: rhat

Eastern Han Chinese: rhat

Early Postclassic Chinese: lhet

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lhet

Late Postclassic Chinese: lhet

Middle Chinese: let

English meaning : be cold, cool

Russian meaning[s]: холод; мороз

Comments: (Sch.: perhaps same word as 烈 'burning sensation > cold'). Used also within the die-sheng 栗冽 *rhit-rhat 'be cold'. Viet. rét is an archaic loan; standard Sino-Viet. is liệt.

Radical: 15

Four-angle index: 2869

Karlgren code: 0291 b

Vietnamese reading: rét

Character: 函

Modern (Beijing) reading: hán

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ǝ̄m

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ǝ̄m

Western Han Chinese: gǝ̄m (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gǝ̄m (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄m (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄m (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄m (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣʌm

English meaning : to contain; container, box

Russian meaning[s]: 1) письмо; официальное письмо (отношение); 2) ящик, футляр, ножны, колчан; 3) вмещать, содержать; 4) древн. доспехи, латы

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is hàm.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 17

Four-angle index: 962

Karlgren code: 0643 a-f

Vietnamese reading: hòm

Character: 刻

Modern (Beijing) reading: kè

Preclassic Old Chinese: khǝ̄k

Classic Old Chinese: khǝ̄k

Western Han Chinese: khǝ̄k

Eastern Han Chinese: khǝ̄k

Early Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄k

Middle Chinese: khʌk

English meaning : to engrave, cut, injure

Russian meaning[s]: 1) четверть часа; момент; время; сейчас же, немедленно; ныне, теперь; 2) глубокий; глубоко запечатлеть; 3) скупой; жестокий, бесчеловечный; [kē] 1) вырезывать, гравировать; 2) обирать, обдирать; 3) третировать

Comments: Also used to denote a short time period (quarter of an hour), originally "a cut, notch". In Viet. there is also a colloquial loan: khấc 'notch, nick'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 2910

Karlgren code: 0937 v

Vietnamese reading: khắc

Character: 券

Modern (Beijing) reading: quàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: khʷans

Classic Old Chinese: khwanh

Western Han Chinese: khwanh

Eastern Han Chinese: khwanh

Early Postclassic Chinese: khwàn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khwǝ̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: khwǝ̀n

Middle Chinese: khwǝ̀n

English meaning : bond, deed, consisting of two halves (wooden parts) [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) билет (напр. казначейский); облигация; чек; 2) контракт; акт; документ; квитанция

Comments: The series is basically in *-en, thus a reconstruction *khʷren-s is not excluded (with irregular MC khwǝ̀n instead of normal *khwèn).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 4203

Karlgren code: 0226 l

Character: 刷

Modern (Beijing) reading: shuā

Preclassic Old Chinese: srot

Classic Old Chinese: srwat

Western Han Chinese: ṣwat

Eastern Han Chinese: ṣwat

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṣwet

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṣwet

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṣwet

Middle Chinese: ṣwet

English meaning : to rub, scrape [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) скоблить, счищать; вытирать, чистить; щетка; удалять; пек. диал. выгонять; 2) красить; печатать; [shuà] отбирать; отборный

Comments: A later semantic development is 'to smear, paint > print'; Viet. loát 'to print' apparently reflects some dialectal form without *s- (which would yield a MC form like lwet). Guangyün has both MC ṣwet and ṣwạ̈t (reflecting a neutralisation of -et and -ạ̈t after retroflex initials, especially in labialised syllables).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 2856

Karlgren code: 0298 a

Vietnamese reading: loát

Character: 刺

Modern (Beijing) reading: cì

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćheks

Classic Old Chinese: cheh

Western Han Chinese: cheh

Eastern Han Chinese: chjeh

Early Postclassic Chinese: chjè

Middle Postclassic Chinese: chjè

Late Postclassic Chinese: chjè

Middle Chinese: chjè

English meaning : to prick, pierce, stab

Russian meaning[s]: 1) колоть; пронзать; воткнуть; пронизывать; колючка, шип; игла; рыбья кость; 2) покушаться на убийство, совершать покушение; убивать (особенно из мести); совершать террористический акт; 3) визитная карточка; 4) выведывать, выслеживать; шпионить; 5) высмеивать; ирония, сатира; 6) решать, судить; распоряжаться, управлять; [qì] воткнуться, вонзиться; пролезть

Comments: Also read *ćhek, MC chjek (FQ 七跡), Mand. qī id. Viet. chích ( < MC chjek) is colloquial; the regular Sino-Viet. forms are thích ( < chjek) and thú' ( < chjè).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 2884

Karlgren code: 0868 d

Vietnamese reading: chích

Jianchuan Bai: ćhi3

Dali Bai: ćhi3

Bijiang Bai: che3