Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 拎

Modern (Beijing) reading: līng

Russian meaning[s]: поднимать, вытаскивать

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 2070

Character: 放

Modern (Beijing) reading: fàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: paŋs

Classic Old Chinese: paŋh

Western Han Chinese: paŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: pwaŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwàŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwàŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwàŋ

Middle Chinese: pwàŋ

English meaning : to put away, put aside; neglect; banish

Russian meaning[s]: 1) отпускать; выпускать, освобождать; 2) ослаблять; давать волю; попустительствовать, потворствовать; распущенный; свободный; праздный; 3) положить на...; в...; поместить; 4) выпустить; издать; раздать, выдать; 5) увеличить, расширить; усилить; 6) изгнать, выслать; 7) пасти; 8) пускать (фейерверк); стрелять; 9) распуститься, раскрыться, расцвести; 10) назначить, поставить на должность; [fǎng] подражать, копировать, см. 倣

Comments: In Viet. cf. also a colloquial word: phỗng 'to take away, to carry away'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6212

Karlgren code: 0740 i

Vietnamese reading: phóng

Character: 斧

Modern (Beijing) reading: fǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: paʔ

Classic Old Chinese: pá

Western Han Chinese: pá

Eastern Han Chinese: pwá

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwó

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwó

Middle Chinese: pǘ

English meaning : axe

Russian meaning[s]: 1) топор, секира; рубить; 2) исправлять, редактировать

Comments: Viet. búa 'hammer' is an old loanword; regular Sino-Viet. is phu`.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 69

Four-angle index: 2017

Karlgren code: 0102 h-i

Vietnamese reading: búa

Jianchuan Bai: pɨ1

Dali Bai: pɨ1

Bijiang Bai: pɨ1

Character: 於

Modern (Beijing) reading: yú

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔā

Classic Old Chinese: ʔā

Western Han Chinese: ʔā

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔā

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔō

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔō

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔō

Middle Chinese: ʔo

English meaning : oh!

Russian meaning[s]: 1) с ним; в нем; им; из этого; показатель непереходности предшествующего действия, универсальный предлог в вэньяне, вводящий косвенное дополнение, обозначающее а) местонахождение; б) сферу действия; в) время; г) направление; д) достижение (места); е) исход; ж) действующее лицо в конструкциях пассива; з) сравнение; и) отношение; к) орудие действия; 2) в обстоятельствах времени и места (и соответствующих придаточных предложениях) служит началом соответствующей конструкции, обычно заканчивающейся послелогом места или времени; 3) после 之: отношение к...; 4) древн. быть, вм. 為; 5) древн. быть подобным, вм. 如; 6) древн. начальная восклицательная частица эй!; 7) Юй (фамилия); [wū] стар. междометие, восклицание, вм. 嗚

Comments: The character is also widely used for OC *ʔa, MC ʔö (FQ 央居), Mand. yú (2d tone under the influence of a synonymic 于 *wa q.v.), Viet. o`', Go o, Kan yo 'to be in, on, from etc.'. Viet. ồ and o`' are both colloquial readings (ồ is of course onomatopoeic and need not necessarily be borrowed from Chinese); standard Sino-Viet. forms are ô (for MC ʔo) and u' (for MC ʔö).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 70

Four-angle index: 8760

Karlgren code: 0061 e-f

Go-on: u

Kan-on: wo

Japanese reading: o;yo;u;oite;oru;okeru;yori;aa

Vietnamese reading: ồ, ô

Shijing occurrences: 42.1

Character: 旺

Modern (Beijing) reading: wàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: waŋs

Classic Old Chinese: waŋh

Western Han Chinese: waŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: waŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: wàŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wàŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: wàŋ

Middle Chinese: wàŋ

English meaning : to blossom, flourish [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) яркий, блестящий; пышный, цветущий; благородный; 2) преуспевать; удачный

Comments: For *w cf. Xiamen ɔŋ⁶, Chaozhou uaŋ⁴, Fuzhou uoŋ⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 314

Character: 昔

Modern (Beijing) reading: xī

Preclassic Old Chinese: siak

Classic Old Chinese: siak

Western Han Chinese: siak

Eastern Han Chinese: siak

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjek

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjek

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjek

Middle Chinese: sjek

English meaning : former times, ancient times; formerly, anciently, originally

Russian meaning[s]: 1) прежде, в старину, в прошлом; 2) ночь; ночью; к ночи

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 1484

Karlgren code: 0798 a-e

Shijing occurrences: 35.5, 35.6

Character: 易

Modern (Beijing) reading: yì

Preclassic Old Chinese: leks

Classic Old Chinese: leh

Western Han Chinese: leh

Eastern Han Chinese: źeh

Early Postclassic Chinese: źè

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jè

Late Postclassic Chinese: jè

Middle Chinese: jè

English meaning : be easy; at ease; neglect

Comments: Also read OC *lek, MC jek, Mand. yì 'to change'. Viet. dễ is colloquial, and another colloquial loanword from the same source (MC jè) must be Viet. dê` 'to despise' ( < 'consider easy, neglect'). An archaic (WH) loan from the same source may be Viet. lẹ 'swift, rapid, easy(-going)'. Regular Sino-Vietnamese readings are dị ( < MC jè), dịch ( < MC jek).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0850 a-e

Vietnamese reading: dễ

Character: 昌

Modern (Beijing) reading: chāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: thaŋ

Classic Old Chinese: thaŋ

Western Han Chinese: thaŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ćhaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćhaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćhaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćhaŋ

Middle Chinese: ćhaŋ

English meaning : be splendid, prosperous

Russian meaning[s]: 1) славный; 2) возвышенный; 3) процветание; изобилие; успех; 4) прекрасный, изящный; 5) прямой, искренний; прямодушие; 6) Чан (фамилия)

Comments: Cf. 章 *taŋ.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 1508

Karlgren code: 0724 a-b

Go-on: siyau

Kan-on: siyau

Japanese reading: shō;akiraka

Character: 昆

Modern (Beijing) reading: kūn

Preclassic Old Chinese: kūn

Classic Old Chinese: kwǝ̄n

Western Han Chinese: kwǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: kwǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwǝ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwǝ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwǝ̄n

Middle Chinese: kon

English meaning : elder brother

Russian meaning[s]: 1) старший брат; 2) потомок, потомство; 3) масса, толпа; вместе; 4) впоследствии, потом; 5) похожий; 6) см. 崑

Comments: Modern k- is irregular.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 6955

Karlgren code: 0417 a-b

Character: 昂

Modern (Beijing) reading: áng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ŋāŋ

Western Han Chinese: ŋāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋāŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋāŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋāŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋāŋ

Middle Chinese: ŋâŋ

English meaning : to lift, rise

Russian meaning[s]: 1) высокий; поднять; 2) вздорожать; повысить (цены); 3) гордо, надменно; с достоинством

Comments: see ご. For *ŋ cf. Xiamen gɔŋ², Chaozhou ŋaŋ², Fuzhou ŋoŋ².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 2114

Karlgren code: 0699 b

Go-on: gau

Kan-on: gau

Japanese reading: gō;kō;agaru;ageru;aogu

Character: 明

Modern (Beijing) reading: míng

Preclassic Old Chinese: mraŋ

Classic Old Chinese: mraŋ

Western Han Chinese: mraŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: mreŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: meŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: meŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: meŋ

Middle Chinese: mäiŋ

English meaning : be bright, enlightened, clear, pure, manifest

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ясный, светлый; просветить; 2) открытый, явный; наружный; проявить, показать; 3) проницательный; умный; понятливый; просвещенный; знаток; понимать; 4) завтра; наутро; днем; 5) зрение; зрячий; перен. дальновидный; 6) Мин; минский (название династии 1368 - 1644 гг.); 7) Мин (фамилия)

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is minh; Viet. mai (with a variant mo'i) means 'tomorrow' and may be a colloquial (distorted) borrowing from MC in the special usage: 明日 mäiŋ-ńit 'tomorrow'. For *m- cf. Xiamen mi², Chaozhou meŋ², Fuzhou miŋ², Jianou miŋ², maŋ². The original meaning must be 'clear eye-sight' (whence 'bright, pure', etc.); the meaning 'eye-sight' is actually rather widely attested during L. Zhou.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 3478

Karlgren code: 0760 a-d

Go-on: miyau

Kan-on: mei

Japanese reading: mei;myō;akari;akarui;akaramu;akiraka;akeru;aku;akuru;akasu

Vietnamese reading: mai

Jianchuan Bai: me4-, mɛ7

Dali Bai: mer4-, mer7

Bijiang Bai: ma7-

Character: 昀

Modern (Beijing) reading: yun

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 昏

Modern (Beijing) reading: hūn

Preclassic Old Chinese: smǝ̄n

Classic Old Chinese: m̥ǝ̄n

Western Han Chinese: m̥ǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: m̥ǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄n

Middle Chinese: xon

English meaning : to perish; be dark, benighted, stupid; darkness, dusk; a benighted one; stupidity

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сумерки; вечер; темнота; темный; 2) темно (в глазах); кружится (голова); упасть в обморок; 3) глупый, тупой; темный; 4) смутный; 5) бракосочетание, свадьба, вм. 婚

Comments: Also used for 婚 *smǝ̄n q.v. (thus in Shi 35, 2; 51,3). For etymology see 惛 *smǝ̄n 'stupid, darkened in mind'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 1570

Karlgren code: 0457 j-l

Shijing occurrences: 35.2, 35.3, 35.6

Character: 昕

Modern (Beijing) reading: xīn

Preclassic Old Chinese: hǝr

Classic Old Chinese: hǝn

Western Han Chinese: hǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: hǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: hɨn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hɨn

Late Postclassic Chinese: hɨn

Middle Chinese: xɨn

English meaning : early morning [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: раннее утро; на рассвете; рассвет

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 1986

Karlgren code: 0443 h

Go-on: kon

Kan-on: kin

Japanese reading: kin;kon;asa

Character: 昊

Modern (Beijing) reading: hào

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ūʔ

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ū́

Western Han Chinese: gǝ̄́w (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gǝ̄́w (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄́w (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gā́w (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gā́w (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣấw

English meaning : be vast

Russian meaning[s]: 1) небеса; 2) лето; летний; 3) светлый, ясный

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 5033

Karlgren code: 1042 a

Character: �

Modern (Beijing) reading: haò

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ūʔ

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ū́

Western Han Chinese: gǝ̄́w (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gǝ̄́w (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄́w (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gā́w (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gā́w (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣấw

English meaning : be vast

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Go-on: gau

Kan-on: kau

Japanese reading: kō;gō;natsuzora;akarui

Character: 昇

Modern (Beijing) reading: shēng

Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝŋ

Classic Old Chinese: tǝŋ

Western Han Chinese: tǝŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćɨŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćɨŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćɨŋ

Middle Chinese: śiŋ

English meaning : to rise

Russian meaning[s]: 1) восходить; восход солнца; 2) мир, порядок; 3) см. 升

Comments: = 升 q.v.

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 2770

Karlgren code: 0897 c

Character: 服

Modern (Beijing) reading: fú

Preclassic Old Chinese: bǝk

Classic Old Chinese: bǝk

Western Han Chinese: bǝk

Eastern Han Chinese: bwǝk

Early Postclassic Chinese: bwɨk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: buk

Late Postclassic Chinese: buk

Middle Chinese: bük

English meaning : to submit, to yoke; [to subject to one's mental effort] > to think intensely, reflect.

Russian meaning[s]: 1) платье, одежда; одеваться; 2) траурные одежды, траур; 3) принимать (пищу, лекарство), глотать; доза, прием; 4) подчиняться; повиноваться, слушаться; послушный, покорный; 5) служить; нести повинности; 6) привыкнуть к...; приспособиться к...; 7) ехать на..., сесть на...; 8) древн. подвластная территория; 9) Фу (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 用也.一曰車右騑所以舟旋.從舟.�聲.古文服.從人.

Comments: Probably same etymon as 伏 *bǝk 'to lie down, put down' q. v., for which there is evidence in favour of OC *b- (the Xiamen colloquial reading pɔk8).

The character is also used for a homonymous *bǝk 'clothes, garment'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 74

Four-angle index: 5956

Karlgren code: 0934 d-f

Shijing occurrences: 1.2_, 2.2, 47.1

Character: 朋

Modern (Beijing) reading: péng

Preclassic Old Chinese: bhǝ̄ŋ

Classic Old Chinese: bhǝ̄ŋ

Western Han Chinese: bhǝ̄ŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: bhǝ̄ŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: bhǝ̄ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bhǝ̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: bhǝ̄ŋ

Middle Chinese: bʌŋ

English meaning : a string of cowries, a pair; associate, peer, friend

Russian meaning[s]: 1) друг, приятель, товарищ; содружество; 2) клика; составлять клику из своих людей; сообща; 3) равный; поровну; по плечу; 4) связка раковин (монет)

Comments: For *bh- cf. Chaozhou pheŋ², Yilan phiǝŋ², Longdu phāŋ⁶. Cf. PAN *tabaŋ 'help, assist'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 74

Four-angle index: 3490

Karlgren code: 0886 a-e

Dali Bai: phou2-

Character: 杭

Modern (Beijing) reading: háng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ghāŋ

Western Han Chinese: ɣāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ɣāŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ɣāŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ɣāŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ɣāŋ

Middle Chinese: ɣâŋ

English meaning : to go by boat, big boat

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сокр. г. Ханчжоу; 2) стар. см. 航; 3) Хан (фамилия)

Comments: For *gh- cf. Jianou ɔŋ⁹.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 7691

Karlgren code: 0698 e