Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 杲

Modern (Beijing) reading: gǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: kūʔ

Classic Old Chinese: kū́

Western Han Chinese: kǝ̄́w

Eastern Han Chinese: kǝ̄́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: kǝ̄́w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kā́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: kā́w

Middle Chinese: kấw

English meaning : be brilliant

Russian meaning[s]: 1) яркий, ясный; белый (также 杲杲); 2) высоко

Comments: Also written as 皓.

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 5200

Go-on: kau

Kan-on: kau

Japanese reading: kō;akiraka

Character: 欣

Modern (Beijing) reading: xīn

Preclassic Old Chinese: hǝr

Classic Old Chinese: hǝn

Western Han Chinese: hǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: hǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: hɨn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hɨn

Late Postclassic Chinese: hɨn

Middle Chinese: xɨn

English meaning : to rejoice, make merry

Russian meaning[s]: радость, веселье; восторг; удовольствие; радостный, обрадованный, счастливый, веселый, довольный; с радостью

Comments: Viet. ho`'n is colloquial (with an irregular tone); standard Sino-Viet. is hân.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 76

Four-angle index: 4807

Karlgren code: 0443 i

Vietnamese reading: ho`'n

Character: 武

Modern (Beijing) reading: wǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: maʔ

Classic Old Chinese: má

Western Han Chinese: má

Eastern Han Chinese: mwá

Early Postclassic Chinese: mwó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mwó

Late Postclassic Chinese: mwó

Middle Chinese: mǘ

English meaning : be martial; footprint

Russian meaning[s]: 1) военный; воинственный; храбрый; подчинять военной силой; 2) полшага; идти по следам; следы ног; 3) сокр. Уван (основатель династии Чжоу, 1122 г. до н. э.); 4) У (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 楚莊王曰.夫武定功戢兵.故止戈為武. [632]

Comments: For *m- cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou bu³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 77

Four-angle index: 6733

Karlgren code: 0104 a-e

Go-on: mu

Kan-on: bu

Japanese reading: mu;bu;takedakeshii

Shijing occurrences: 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

Character: 歧

Modern (Beijing) reading: qí

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)e

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)e

Western Han Chinese: g(h)e

Eastern Han Chinese: g(h)je

Early Postclassic Chinese: g(h)je

Middle Postclassic Chinese: g(h)je

Late Postclassic Chinese: g(h)je

Middle Chinese: gje

English meaning : bifurcating, forked [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ответвление дороги, боковой путь; расходиться; 2) ошибочный путь; ересь; ошибка; неправильное развитие (чего-либо)

Radical: 77

Four-angle index: 6058

Karlgren code: 0864 i

Character: 歿

Modern (Beijing) reading: mò

Preclassic Old Chinese: mhǝ̄t

Classic Old Chinese: mhǝ̄t

Western Han Chinese: mhǝ̄t

Eastern Han Chinese: mhǝ̄t

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhǝ̄t

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhǝ̄t

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhǝ̄t

Middle Chinese: mot

English meaning : to die, perish [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: умереть, скончаться*

Comments: Not quite clear is the relationship of this word to 沒 *mǝ̄t q.v. (the words would seem identical, but the Jian-ou dialect preserves a distinction: 沒 mo⁸ vs. 歿 mu⁷. Standard Sino-Viet. is một.

Radical: 78

Four-angle index: 9999

Karlgren code: 0492 c, 503 k

Vietnamese reading: mất

Character: 氓

Modern (Beijing) reading: méng

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)rǝ̄ŋ (~ -ēŋ)

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)rǝ̄ŋ

Western Han Chinese: m(h)rǝ̄ŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)rǝ̄ŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ǝ̣̄ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)iǝ̣̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)iǝ̣̄ŋ

Middle Chinese: mạiŋ

English meaning : population, people

Russian meaning[s]: 1) народ; 2) бедный люд, безземельные и бездомные; 3) люмпен-пролетариат; бродяга

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 83

Four-angle index: 6710

Karlgren code: 0742 u

Shijing occurrences: 58.1

Character: 氛

Modern (Beijing) reading: fén

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)ǝn

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)ǝn

Western Han Chinese: b(h)ǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)wǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wɨn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wɨn

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wɨn

Middle Chinese: bün

English meaning : vapour, indications in sky [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) газ, дух, воздух, пары; 2) зловещая атмосфера; дурное предзнаменование; зловещий, злой

Radical: 84

Four-angle index: 7633

Karlgren code: 0471 n

Character: 泣

Modern (Beijing) reading: qì

Preclassic Old Chinese: khrǝp

Classic Old Chinese: khrǝp

Western Han Chinese: khrǝp

Eastern Han Chinese: khrǝp

Early Postclassic Chinese: khip

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khip

Late Postclassic Chinese: khip

Middle Chinese: khip

English meaning : to weep, cry

Russian meaning[s]: 1) лить слезы, беззвучно плакать; оплакивать; 2) заставить плакать; растрогать

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 548

Karlgren code: 0694 h

Vietnamese reading: khấp

Shijing occurrences: 28.1, 28.2_, 58.2

Character: 注

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhù

Preclassic Old Chinese: to(ʔ)s

Classic Old Chinese: toh

Western Han Chinese: toh

Eastern Han Chinese: ćoh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćò

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćò

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćò

Middle Chinese: ćǜ

English meaning : to conduct water, pour; be led to, flow to

Russian meaning[s]: 1) стекать; сток; 2) впрыскивать, вливать; устремлять; обращать [внимание]; 3) разъяснять, толковать, комментировать; комментарий, глоссы, см. 註; 4) записывать, протоколировать; 5) ставка в игре

Comments: Also read *tro(ʔ)-s, MC ṭǜ, Pek. zhù id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 363

Karlgren code: 0129 c

Character: 泳

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǒng

Preclassic Old Chinese: w(h)raŋs

Classic Old Chinese: w(h)raŋh

Western Han Chinese: w(h)raŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: w(h)reŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: w(h)èŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: w(h)èŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: w(h)èŋ

Middle Chinese: wàiŋ

English meaning : to wade, swim

Russian meaning[s]: плавать; нырять

Shuowen gloss: 行水中也.從水.永聲.

Comments: Modern 3d tone is probably secondary, under influence of 永 q.v.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 5519

Karlgren code: 0764 j-k

Shijing occurrences: 9.1_, 9.2_, 9.3_, 35.4

Character: 沱

Modern (Beijing) reading: tuó

Preclassic Old Chinese: l(h)āj

Classic Old Chinese: l(h)āj

Western Han Chinese: l(h)āj

Eastern Han Chinese: l(h)ǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ā

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ā

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ā

Middle Chinese: dâ

English meaning : to drop down, flow

Russian meaning[s]: 1) рукав реки; 2) литься ручьем (о слезах)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 7024

Karlgren code: 0004 k

Shijing occurrences: 22.3_

Character: 泌

Modern (Beijing) reading: bì

Preclassic Old Chinese: prits

Classic Old Chinese: prić

Western Han Chinese: prjǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: prǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: piś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pìj

Late Postclassic Chinese: pì

Middle Chinese: pì

English meaning : to bubble up

Russian meaning[s]: источаться, выделяться; секреция; секрет (выделение)

Comments: There also exists a regular Mand. reading bì; the reading mì is newly shaped after cases like 密 mì.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 8515

Karlgren code: 0405 l

Shijing occurrences: 39.1

Character: 泥

Modern (Beijing) reading: ní

Preclassic Old Chinese: nǝ̄j

Classic Old Chinese: nǝ̄j

Western Han Chinese: nǝ̄j

Eastern Han Chinese: nǝ̄j

Early Postclassic Chinese: nǝ̄j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: nǝ̄j

Late Postclassic Chinese: nǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: niej

English meaning : mire, mud, (to plaster)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) грязь, слякоть, трясина; грязный, липкий; обрызгать грязью; испачкаться; 2) необожженная глина; глиняный; глинобитный; известка, штукатурка; штукатурить; лепить; [nì] 1) погрязнуть (в чем-либо); предаваться (привычке); 2) прилипнуть; 3) удерживать, не пускать; [nǐ] 1) густой; обильный (напр. о росе); 2) мягкий и блестящий, глянцевитый

Comments: For *n- cf. Min forms: Xiamen, Chaozhou ni², Fuzhou nä², Jianou nai². Also read *n(h)ǝ̄jʔ, MC níej, Mand. nǐ 'be plentiful, numerous'. Standard Sino-Viet. is nê.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 7006

Karlgren code: 0563 d

Vietnamese reading: nề

Jianchuan Bai: ni7-

Dali Bai: ne7

Bijiang Bai: ne7-

Shijing occurrences: 36.2

Character: 河

Modern (Beijing) reading: hé

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghāj

Classic Old Chinese: ghāj

Western Han Chinese: ɣāj

Eastern Han Chinese: ɣǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ɣā

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ɣā

Late Postclassic Chinese: ɣā

Middle Chinese: ɣâ

Fanqie: 核莪

Rhyme class: 歌

English meaning : river; the Yellow River

Russian meaning[s]: 1) река; 2) сокр. р. Хуанхэ

Shuowen gloss: 水. 出敦煌塞外昆侖山. 發原注海. 從水. 可聲.

Comments: River; the Yellow River. Initial *gh- is suggested by Fuzhou ɔ² (see RDFS 127). The original meaning was 'ford', cf. the external evidence.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 2996

Karlgren code: 0001 g-h

Vietnamese reading: hà

Shijing occurrences: 1.1, 43.1, 43.2, 45.1_, 45.2, 47.1_, 57.4

Character: 沽

Modern (Beijing) reading: gū

Preclassic Old Chinese: kā

Classic Old Chinese: kā

Western Han Chinese: kā

Eastern Han Chinese: kā

Early Postclassic Chinese: kō

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kō

Late Postclassic Chinese: kō

Middle Chinese: ko

English meaning : to buy, sell [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) продавать; покупать; торговать; 2) продавец вина; 3) сокр. р. Гу (в провинции Хэбэй)

Comments: The original meaning is 'name of a river' (attested in inscriptions). During Late Zhou attested also as a loan for *kāʔ (MC kó, Pek. ̌) 'summarily, careless'.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 1285

Karlgren code: 0049 k-l

Character: 沾

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhān

Preclassic Old Chinese: tem

Classic Old Chinese: tem

Western Han Chinese: tjam

Eastern Han Chinese: ćam

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćem

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćem

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćem

Middle Chinese: ćem

English meaning : to moisten [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) намочить; промочить; промокнуть, увлажниться, пропитаться; 2) сноситься; иметь отношения с...; 3) воспользоваться; быть облагодетельствованным; 4) перенять; заразиться (привычкой, болезнью); [zhān tiān, вост. диал. tiē] самодовольно

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 1262

Karlgren code: 0618 c

Character: 沼

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: tawʔ

Classic Old Chinese: táw

Western Han Chinese: táw

Eastern Han Chinese: ćáw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćéw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćéw

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćéw

Middle Chinese: ćéw

English meaning : pond, pool

Russian meaning[s]: 1) болото; озерко; 2) обр. погибнуть

Shuowen gloss: 池也.從水.召聲. [553]

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 1355

Karlgren code: 1131 p

Shijing occurrences: 13.1

Character: 波

Modern (Beijing) reading: bō

Preclassic Old Chinese: pāj

Classic Old Chinese: pāj

Western Han Chinese: pāj

Eastern Han Chinese: pǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: pā

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pā

Late Postclassic Chinese: pā

Middle Chinese: pwâ

English meaning : wave

Russian meaning[s]: 1) волна; волнение; перен. умильные взгляды; 2) волновать, взволновать; затронуть, захватить; треволнения, перипетии; 3) конечная частица, соответствующая 吧; 4) сокр. Польша; Боливия

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 6098

Karlgren code: 0025 l

Character: 沫

Modern (Beijing) reading: mò

Preclassic Old Chinese: mhāt

Classic Old Chinese: mhāt

Western Han Chinese: mhāt

Eastern Han Chinese: mhāt

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhāt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhāt

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhāt

Middle Chinese: mwât

English meaning : foam, froth; spittle [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пена; слюна; 2) кончиться, прекратиться

Comments: For *mh- cf. Fuzhou muak⁷. Also read *māt-s, MC mwầj, Pek. mèi 'to finish' (LZ) (derived from 末 *māt q.v.); 'a place name'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 5341

Karlgren code: 0277 b

Shijing occurrences: 48.1, 48.2, 48.3

Character: 法

Modern (Beijing) reading: fǎ

Preclassic Old Chinese: prap

Classic Old Chinese: prap

Western Han Chinese: prap

Eastern Han Chinese: prap

Early Postclassic Chinese: pap

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pap

Late Postclassic Chinese: pap

Middle Chinese: pwɨp

English meaning : law, model

Russian meaning[s]: 1) закон; норма; регламент; законный; правовой, юридический; судебный; 2) образец; правило; брать за образец; образцовый; подражать; копировать; 3) способ, метод, прием; 4) буддийское учение, буддизм; буддийский; 5) мат. слагаемое; вычитаемое; множитель; делитель (число, стоящее после знака действия); 6) Фа (фамилия); [fá] разг. 1) способ, метод, прием; 2) гири-разновесы; [fā] разг. способ, средство; [fà] 1) эмаль, вм. 琺; 2) сокр. Франция; французский; 3) сокр. франк; фартинг

Comments: Viet. has also a colloquial loan from the same source: phép 'rule, permission; magic power'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 8645

Karlgren code: 0642 k-m

Vietnamese reading: pháp