Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 美

Modern (Beijing) reading: měi

Preclassic Old Chinese: mrǝjʔ

Classic Old Chinese: mrǝ́j

Western Han Chinese: mrǝ́j

Eastern Han Chinese: mrǝ́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: míj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: míj

Late Postclassic Chinese: mí

Middle Chinese: mí

English meaning : be beautiful, handsome

Russian meaning[s]: 1) красота; красивый, прекрасный; лучший; вкусный; 2) художественный, изящный; эстетический; 3) хвалить, превозносить; прикрашивать, приукрашать; льстить; 4) сокр. США, Америка; американский

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is mỹ (also used for the toponym: America). For *m- cf. Min forms: Xiamen bi³, Chaozhou mui³, Fuzhou, Jianou mi³. Cf. also 娓 *mǝjʔ 'fine, nice', 徽 *s-mǝj 'good'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 123

Four-angle index: 4889

Karlgren code: 0568 a-c

Vietnamese reading: mĩ

Shijing occurrences: 38.4, 42.2_, 42.3_, 48.1, 48.2, 48.3, 57.3

Character: 羿

Modern (Beijing) reading: yì

Russian meaning[s]: древн. И (имя знаменитого стрелка)

Radical: 124

Four-angle index: 2754

Character: 耄

Modern (Beijing) reading: mào

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)āws

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)āwh

Western Han Chinese: m(h)āwh

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)āwh

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ā̀w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ā̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ā̀w

Middle Chinese: mầw

English meaning : be very old, senile

Russian meaning[s]: 1) старик 80-90 лет; 2) выжить из ума; 3) беспомощный; смутный (о мыслях)

Radical: 125

Four-angle index: 7230

Karlgren code: 1137 h

Character: �

Modern (Beijing) reading: mao

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 耐

Modern (Beijing) reading: nài

Preclassic Old Chinese: nǝ̄s

Classic Old Chinese: nǝ̄h

Western Han Chinese: nǝ̄h

Eastern Han Chinese: nǝ̄h

Early Postclassic Chinese: nǝ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: nǝ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: nǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: nʌ̀j

English meaning : patient, to endure [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: переносить, терпеть, сносить; превозмочь; терпеливый; сдержанный; [néng] древн. вм. 能

Comments: For *n cf. Xiamen, Fuzhou nai⁶, Chaozhou nai⁴. Sometimes also used instead of 能 *nǝ̄ 'to be able' (q.v.).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 126

Four-angle index: 3143

Vietnamese reading: nại

Character: 耍

Modern (Beijing) reading: shuǎ

Russian meaning[s]: 1) играть; забавляться; баловаться; шутить; представлять; 2) пускать в ход, применять; 3) играть в азартные игры; 4) фехтовать; жонглировать (напр. ножами)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 126

Four-angle index: 8838

Character: 耑

Modern (Beijing) reading: duān

Preclassic Old Chinese: tōr

Classic Old Chinese: tōn

Western Han Chinese: tōn

Eastern Han Chinese: tōn

Early Postclassic Chinese: tōn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tōn

Late Postclassic Chinese: tōn

Middle Chinese: twân

English meaning : tip, end, point [LZ]

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0168 a-c

Character: 耶

Modern (Beijing) reading: yé

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhia

Classic Old Chinese: lhia

Western Han Chinese: lhia

Eastern Han Chinese: zhä

Early Postclassic Chinese: zha

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zha

Late Postclassic Chinese: zha

Russian meaning[s]: 1) конечное вопросительное слово в вэньяне; 2) отец, вм. 爺; [yē] транскрипционный знак

Comments: A variant of 邪 q.v.

Radical: 128

Four-angle index: 2162

Karlgren code: 0047 b

Character: 胖

Modern (Beijing) reading: pàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: phāns

Classic Old Chinese: phānh

Western Han Chinese: phānh

Eastern Han Chinese: phānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: phā̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phā̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: phā̀n

Middle Chinese: phwần

English meaning : part of animal body used in sacrifices [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) толстый, жирный; пополнеть; 2) большой

Comments: Used also for *b(h)ān, MC bwân (FQ 蒲官) 'large, thick'; *prānʔ, MC pạ́n (FQ 補綰) 'meat from the side of animal body' (all FQ-s are taken from Jiyun). The standard usage nowadays is for a word pàng 'thick, fleshy' (without MC and OC fixation).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 2466

Dali Bai: pha4

Character: 胥

Modern (Beijing) reading: xū

Preclassic Old Chinese: sa

Classic Old Chinese: sa

Western Han Chinese: sa

Eastern Han Chinese: sja

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjo

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjo

Middle Chinese: sjö

English meaning : mutually, each other, together; to aid, assist

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мелкие служащие; 2) все; вместе; взаимно; 3) накапливать, собирать; 4) помогать; 5) ожидать; 6) отдаленный; разделять; 7) обследовать; 8) маринованные крабы

Comments: Used also for homonymous *sa 'a foreman (in charge of 10 laborers)' and *sa 'to linger, take one's time; expect'. Also read *saʔ, MC sjö́ (FQ 私呂) id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 3563

Karlgren code: 0090 e

Go-on: so

Kan-on: siyo

Japanese reading: so;sho;ai;mina;miru;matsu

Character: 胚

Modern (Beijing) reading: pēi

Russian meaning[s]: 1) эмбрион, зародыш; 2) незаконченный, сырой (о предмете, изделии)

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 75

Character: 胃

Modern (Beijing) reading: wèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: wǝts

Classic Old Chinese: wǝć

Western Han Chinese: wǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: wǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: wɨś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wɨ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: wɨ̀j

Middle Chinese: wɨ̀j

English meaning : stomach [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) желудок; 2) название созвездия

Comments: The character is attested since L. Zhou, but only denoting a name of a constellation (the meaning 'stomach', although no doubt archaic, appears only since Han). For *w- cf. Min forms: Xiamen ui⁶, Fuzhou oi⁶, Chaozhou ui⁴.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 3537

Karlgren code: 0523 a-b

Jianchuan Bai: vu2

Dali Bai: vu2

Character: 胄

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhòu

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łhus

Classic Old Chinese: Łhuh

Western Han Chinese: Łhǝwh

Eastern Han Chinese: lhǝwh

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhìw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̀w

Middle Chinese: ḍǝ̀w

English meaning : helmet

Comments: Also used for "descendant, i.e. eldest son of principal wife".

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 1079 h

Character: 背

Modern (Beijing) reading: bèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: bǝ̄ks

Classic Old Chinese: bǝ̄h

Western Han Chinese: bǝ̄h

Eastern Han Chinese: bǝ̄h

Early Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: bòj

English meaning : to turn the back, disregard

Russian meaning[s]: 1) спина; зад, тыльная сторона; 2) повернуться спиной; бросить, отказаться от...; покинуть; пренебречь; нарушить; восстать против; 3) учить наизусть; читать на память; 4) упасть в обморок; [bēi] нести на спине

Comments: Also read: MC pòj (FQ 補妹), OC *pǝ̄ks 'the back, posterior part'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 3575

Karlgren code: 0909 e

Character: 胡

Modern (Beijing) reading: hú

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghā

Classic Old Chinese: ghā

Western Han Chinese: ɣā

Eastern Han Chinese: ɣā

Early Postclassic Chinese: ɣō

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ɣō

Late Postclassic Chinese: ɣō

Middle Chinese: ɣo

English meaning : dewlap

Russian meaning[s]: 1) глупый; безрассудный; зря; хаотичный; 2) ху (название северных племен); тунгусы; 3) вопросительное слово в вэньяне что?, как?; почему?; когда?; 4) подгрудок; 5) постоянный, вечный; 6) Ху (фамилия)

Comments: For *gh- (at least in *ghā 'how, when') cf. Xiamen ɔ², Chaozhou ou². Most frequently used for homonymous *ghā 'how, when' (etymology see under 曷.)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 3467

Karlgren code: 0049 |a ́

Jianchuan Bai: ɣu7

Dali Bai: ɣu7

Bijiang Bai: vu7

Shijing occurrences: 26.5, 29.1, 29.2, 29.3, 29.4, 36.1, 36.2, 47.2, 52.3

Character: 胛

Modern (Beijing) reading: jia

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 胎

Modern (Beijing) reading: tāi

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)ǝ̄

Classic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)ǝ̄

Western Han Chinese: l̥ǝ̄ (~ ƛh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥ǝ̄

Early Postclassic Chinese: thǝ̄

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thǝ̄

Late Postclassic Chinese: thǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: thʌj

English meaning : phoetus [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) зародыш; плод; плацента; зачать, забеременеть; 2) необожженная посуда; лепка; 3) донышко

Comments: Since Han used also for a homonymous *ƛ(h)ǝ̄ 'bottom, lower part of a vessel'; since Song - for a homonymous (MC thлj) name of earthenware.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 1432

Vietnamese reading: thai

Character: 胞

Modern (Beijing) reading: bāo

Preclassic Old Chinese: prū

Classic Old Chinese: prū

Western Han Chinese: prǝ̄w

Eastern Han Chinese: prǝ̄w

Early Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̣̄w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄w

Late Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄w

Middle Chinese: pạw

English meaning : placenta; bursa [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) детское место, послед; 2) утроба; единоутробный; 3) бот. клетка, спора; 4) пузырь

Comments: Also read *phrū, MC phạw (FQ 匹交) id. Viet. bao is a literary reading; there also exists nhau 'placenta', very probably reflecting the same source with additional nasalisation (a rather frequent case in old loanwords).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 7108

Karlgren code: 1113 b

Vietnamese reading: bao

Character: 胤

Modern (Beijing) reading: yìn

Preclassic Old Chinese: lǝrs

Classic Old Chinese: lǝnh

Western Han Chinese: lǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨ̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jɨ̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: jɨ̀n

Middle Chinese: jìn

English meaning : to follow; successor, heir, posterity

Russian meaning[s]: 1) наследники, потомство; 2) продолжать; преемственный

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 6908

Karlgren code: 0451 a-b

Character: 胝

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhī

Preclassic Old Chinese: trǝj (~ -ij)

Classic Old Chinese: trǝj

Western Han Chinese: ṭǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭij

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭij

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭi

Middle Chinese: ṭi

English meaning : hard and horny skin (on hands and feet) [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: мозоль

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 6700

Karlgren code: 0590 k