Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 陌

Modern (Beijing) reading: mò

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)rāk

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)rāk

Western Han Chinese: m(h)rāk

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)rāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ẹ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ẹ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ẹ̄k

Middle Chinese: mạ̈ik

English meaning : west-east-going path between fields [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тропа на поперечной меже; межа; базарная улица; дорога; 2) незнакомый; прохожий; посторонний; 3) 11-е число (в телеграммах); [bái bó] вм. 百

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 1663

Karlgren code: 0781 g

Character: 降

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiáng jiàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: grūŋ krūŋs

Classic Old Chinese: grūŋ

Western Han Chinese: grǝ̄uŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: grǝ̄uŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̣̄uŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gọ̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: giǝ̣̄uŋ

Middle Chinese: ɣạuŋ kạ̀uŋ

Fanqie: 奚龐 [a] 記巷 [b]

Rhyme class: 絳 [a] 江 [b]

English meaning : to descend, come down; to send down

Russian meaning[s]: 1) спускать(ся) вниз; снижаться, падать; 2) подавлять; [xiáng] подчинять(ся), покорять(ся); сдаваться, капитулировать

Shuowen gloss: 下也. 從阜. 夅聲.

Comments: Also read MC ɣạuŋ (FQ 下江), Mand. xiáng, Viet. hàng 'to submit'. There are some problems with OC reconstruction here: the Jian-ou reflex aŋ⁶ seems to point to *ghrūŋ (other Min dialects have "literary" reflexes with h-), but the word is obviously a voiced counterpart of *krūŋ-s, thus perhaps a reconstruction *grūŋ would be preferable. An archaic Viet. loan from the same source is probably Viet. rụng 'to fall, to drop'. Cf. perhaps also Viet. xuống 'to descend, go down'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 2544

Karlgren code: 1015 a-c

Vietnamese reading: giáng

Shijing occurrences: 14.1_, 50.2

Character: 面

Modern (Beijing) reading: miàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: mhens

Classic Old Chinese: mhenh

Western Han Chinese: mhjanh

Eastern Han Chinese: mhjanh

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhjèn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhjèn

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhjèn

Middle Chinese: mjèn

English meaning : face; to face; face to face

Russian meaning[s]: 1) лицо, наружность; 2) сторона; лицевая сторона; внешняя сторона; поверхность; внешность; плоскость; 3) личный; очный; лично; 4) повернуться лицом к...; 5) счетный суффикс зеркал и флагов

Comments: Viet. men is a colloquial loanword (with the meaning 'to face' > 'to approach'); regular Sino-Viet. is diện. For *mh- cf. Xiamen bin⁶, Chaozhou miŋ⁶, Fuzhou meŋ⁵, Jianou miŋ⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 176

Four-angle index: 1912

Karlgren code: 0223 a

Vietnamese reading: men

Character: 革

Modern (Beijing) reading: gé

Preclassic Old Chinese: krǝ̄k

Classic Old Chinese: krǝ̄k

Western Han Chinese: krǝ̄k

Eastern Han Chinese: krǝ̄k

Early Postclassic Chinese: kǝ̣̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiǝ̣̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiǝ̣̄k

Middle Chinese: kạ̈ik

English meaning : hide (of animal)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) кожа; кожаный (об изделиях); 2) отменить; лишить (напр. жизни, мандата); устрашить; 3) реорганизовать, реформировать; реформа; 4) барабаны (в оркестре); 5) доспехи; перен. солдаты; 6) Гэ (фамилия); [jí] обостриться

Comments: Used also for a homonymous *krǝ̄k 'to change'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 177

Four-angle index: 2584

Karlgren code: 0931 a-b

Shijing occurrences: 18.2_

Character: 韋

Modern (Beijing) reading: wéi

Preclassic Old Chinese: w(h)ǝj

Classic Old Chinese: w(h)ǝj

Western Han Chinese: w(h)ǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: w(h)ǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: w(h)ɨj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: w(h)ɨj

Late Postclassic Chinese: w(h)ɨj

Middle Chinese: wɨj

English meaning : dressed hide, leather

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дубленая кожа; 2) мягкий, слабый; 3) нарушать, см. 違; 4) Вэй (фамилия)

Radical: 178

Four-angle index: 2533

Karlgren code: 0571 a-c

Character: 韭

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: k(r)uʔ

Classic Old Chinese: k(r)ú

Western Han Chinese: k(r)ǝ́w

Eastern Han Chinese: k(r)ǝ́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: kíw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kǝ́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: kǝ́w

Middle Chinese: kǝ́w

English meaning : Chinese chive (Allium odorum, A. tuberosum)

Russian meaning[s]: лук душистый (Allium odorum)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 179

Four-angle index: 497

Karlgren code: 1065 a-b

Character: 音

Modern (Beijing) reading: yīn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔǝm

Classic Old Chinese: ʔǝm

Western Han Chinese: ʔǝm

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔǝm

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔim

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔim

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔim

Middle Chinese: ʔim

English meaning : sound; note; fame

Russian meaning[s]: 1) звук, тон; звучание, чтение (знака); 2) слог, силлабема; концовка слога, рифма; 3) оттенок (тембр) голоса; произношение

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 180

Four-angle index: 1496

Karlgren code: 0653 a-b

Vietnamese reading: âm

Shijing occurrences: 28.3_, 29.3, 32.4_, 33.2_, 35.1

Character: 頁

Modern (Beijing) reading: yè

Russian meaning[s]: 1) лист (книги), страница; листовой, слоистый; 2) древн. голова

Radical: 181

Four-angle index: 8062

Character: 風

Modern (Beijing) reading: fēng

Preclassic Old Chinese: prǝm

Classic Old Chinese: prǝm

Western Han Chinese: prǝm

Eastern Han Chinese: prǝm

Early Postclassic Chinese: piuŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: piuŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: piuŋ

Middle Chinese: püŋ

English meaning : wind

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ветер; ветренный; дуть, обвевать; обмахиваться веером; наслаждаться прохладой; 2) пейзаж; 3) простуда; болезнь; 4) получить распространение; мода; нравы, обычаи; 5) манеры; внешний вид; стиль (напр. работы); изящный, элегантный; 6) перевоспитать; обработать; 7) поэзия; песня; стихи; мелодии; 8) огласка, разглашение тайны; 9) помешанный, вм. 瘋; 10) Фэн (фамилия); [fèng] 1) объявлять; 2) осмеять; сатира, вм. 諷

Comments: Also read *prǝm-s, MC pǜŋ (FQ 方鳳), Pek. fèng 'to criticize'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 182

Four-angle index: 7654

Karlgren code: 0625 h-i

Shijing occurrences: 27.4_, 30.1, 32.1, 32.2, 35.1_, 41.1, 41.2

Character: 飛

Modern (Beijing) reading: fēi

Preclassic Old Chinese: pǝj

Classic Old Chinese: pǝj

Western Han Chinese: pǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: pwǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwɨj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwɨj

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwɨj

Middle Chinese: pwɨj

English meaning : to fly

Russian meaning[s]: 1) летать; носиться в воздухе; летучий; летающий; 2) стремительный, проворный, спешный; 3) метать; быстро орудовать (чем-л.); 4) высокий; поднятый, вздернутый; 5) необоснованный, пустой

Shuowen gloss: 鳥翥也.象形.凡飛之屬皆從飛.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 183

Four-angle index: 7674

Karlgren code: 0580 a

Vietnamese reading: phi

Jianchuan Bai: fü4

Dali Bai: fü5

Bijiang Bai: fer4

Shijing occurrences: 2.1_, 26.5_, 28.1_, 28.2_, 28.3_, 33.1, 33.2

Character: 食

Modern (Beijing) reading: shí

Preclassic Old Chinese: lǝk

Classic Old Chinese: lǝk

Western Han Chinese: lǝk

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝk

Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: źɨk

Late Postclassic Chinese: źɨk

Middle Chinese: źik

English meaning : to eat

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пища, еда; питание; есть, питаться; кормиться; 2) ист. кормление, содержание (чиновника); 3) затмение (солнца, луны); 4) растравлять; возбуждать; 5) нарушать; 6) Ши (фамилия); [sì] кормить

Comments: Also read *lhǝk-s, MC zjɨ̀ (FQ JY 祥吏) 'to feed, give to eat' (later usually written as 飼 in that meaning).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 184

Four-angle index: 5787

Karlgren code: 0921 a-c

Jianchuan Bai: (-cɛ6), jɨ6

Dali Bai: (-ci6), jɨ6

Bijiang Bai: ji4

Shijing occurrences: 18.1, 18.2_, 18.3, 58.2, 58.4

Character: 首

Modern (Beijing) reading: shǒu

Preclassic Old Chinese: sluʔ

Classic Old Chinese: l̥ú

Western Han Chinese: l̥ǝ́w

Eastern Han Chinese: śǝ́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: śíw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: śǝ́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: śǝ́w

Middle Chinese: śǝ́w

English meaning : head

Russian meaning[s]: 1) голова; глава; лидер, предводитель; первый; быть первым; старший; возглавлять, стоять во главе; 2) прежде всего, сначала; на первых порах; 3) глава, отрывок (в книге); 4) счетный суффикс стихотворений; [shǒu shòu] явиться с повинной; признать себя виновным; покаяться

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is thu`. Cf. perhaps also Viet. sọ 'cranium, skull'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 185

Four-angle index: 1712

Karlgren code: 1102 a-c

Vietnamese reading: so`

Shijing occurrences: 42.1, 57.2

Character: 香

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: haŋ

Classic Old Chinese: haŋ

Western Han Chinese: haŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: haŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: haŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: haŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: haŋ

Middle Chinese: xaŋ

English meaning : fragrance, smell

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ароматный, пахучий; аромат; 2) аппетитный, вкусный; 3) пахнуть; запах; 4) ароматы, курения; духи; 5) ласковый, мягкий; женский; 6) сладкий, крепкий (сон); 7) сокр. Гонконг

Comments: Viet. has also a colloquial reading nhang (probably reflecting the same Chinese source with nasal assimilation).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 186

Four-angle index: 1556

Karlgren code: 0717 a

Vietnamese reading: hu'o'ng

Jianchuan Bai: śõ4

Dali Bai: śou3

Bijiang Bai: śõ4

Character: 乘

Modern (Beijing) reading: chéng

Preclassic Old Chinese: lǝŋ

Classic Old Chinese: lǝŋ

Western Han Chinese: lǝŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: źɨŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: źɨŋ

Middle Chinese: źiŋ

English meaning : to mount, ride

Comments: Also used for *lǝŋ-s, MC źìŋ, Pek. shèng 'team of four horses, chariot with team of four horses'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0895 a-c

Shijing occurrences: 44.1, 44.2, 58.2

Character: 亳

Modern (Beijing) reading: bò

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)āk

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)āk

Western Han Chinese: b(h)āk

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)āk

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)āk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)āk

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)āk

Middle Chinese: bâk

English meaning : place name, a Yin capital [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сокр. Босянь (уезд в провинции Аньхуй); 2) ист. Бо (древняя столица якобы Шанской династии с 1766 по 1557 г. до н. э.)

Radical: 8

Four-angle index: 7198

Karlgren code: 0773 a-d

Character: 倌

Modern (Beijing) reading: guān

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷān

Classic Old Chinese: kwān

Western Han Chinese: kwān

Eastern Han Chinese: kwān

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwān

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwān

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwān

Middle Chinese: kwân

English meaning : servant, groom

Russian meaning[s]: официант, слуга

Comments: Also read *kʷrān, MC kwạn, Pek. guān id.

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 1460

Karlgren code: 0157 l

Shijing occurrences: 50.3

Character: 倍

Modern (Beijing) reading: bèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: bǝ̄ʔ

Classic Old Chinese: bǝ̄́

Western Han Chinese: bǝ̄́

Eastern Han Chinese: bǝ̄́

Early Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄́

Late Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄́j

Middle Chinese: bój

English meaning : double, the n-fold

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вдвое; удваивать; в несколько раз (-крат); 2) повернуться спиной, изменить; нарушить, вм. 背

Comments: For *b cf. Fuzhou puoi⁶, Chaozhou pue⁴.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 1227

Character: 倣

Modern (Beijing) reading: fǎng

Russian meaning[s]: подражать, имитировать, см. 仿

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 6213

Character: 俯

Modern (Beijing) reading: fǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: poʔ

Classic Old Chinese: pó

Western Han Chinese: pwá

Eastern Han Chinese: pwá

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwó

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwó

Middle Chinese: pǘ

English meaning : bend the head, bend down [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) опустить голову, смотреть вниз; 2) снисходить, благоволить; 3) заискивать; 4) ринуться вниз; пикировать; пикирующий

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 3132

Karlgren code: 0136 r

Character: 倦

Modern (Beijing) reading: juàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: gʷrens

Classic Old Chinese: gwrenh

Western Han Chinese: gwrjanh

Eastern Han Chinese: gwranh

Early Postclassic Chinese: gwèn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gwèn

Late Postclassic Chinese: gwèn

Middle Chinese: gwèn

English meaning : tired [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) утомиться, устать; усталость; изнурение; 2) наскучить, надоесть; 3) лениться

Comments: For *gʷ- cf. Xiamen kuan⁶, Chaozhou kueŋ⁴, Fuzhou kuoŋ⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 7074

Karlgren code: 0226 i-j