Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 娓

Modern (Beijing) reading: wěi

Preclassic Old Chinese: mǝjʔ

Classic Old Chinese: mǝ́j

Western Han Chinese: mǝ́j

Eastern Han Chinese: mwǝ́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: mwɨ́j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mwɨ́j

Late Postclassic Chinese: mwɨ́j

Middle Chinese: mwɨ́j

English meaning : be beautiful

Comments: Cf. also 美 *mrǝjʔ and 媚 *mrǝj-s.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0583 c

Character: 姬

Modern (Beijing) reading: jī

Preclassic Old Chinese: klǝ

Classic Old Chinese: kǝ

Western Han Chinese: kǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: kǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kɨ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kɨ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kɨ

Middle Chinese: kɨ

English meaning : the Ji clan; a lady of the Ji clan; a fine lady

Russian meaning[s]: 1) супруга; знатная дама; 2) наложница, гетера; 3) Цзи (фамилия)

Comments: Also read *lǝ, MC jɨ (FQ 與之) id.

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 837

Karlgren code: 0960 f-h

Shijing occurrences: 24.1, 39.1_

Character: 娠

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhèn

Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝrs

Classic Old Chinese: tǝnh

Western Han Chinese: tǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćìn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćìn

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćìn

Middle Chinese: ćìn

English meaning : pregnant

Russian meaning[s]: 1) беременность; 2) движение плода

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 5642

Karlgren code: 0455 q

Character: 娣

Modern (Beijing) reading: dì

Preclassic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ǝ̄jʔ

Classic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ǝ̄́j

Western Han Chinese: lǝ̄́j (~ Łh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄́j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄́j

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄́j

Middle Chinese: díej

English meaning : younger secondary wife

Russian meaning[s]: младшая сестра; невестка (жена младшего брата)

Comments: Also read OC Ł(h)ǝ̄jʔ-s, MC dìej id.; etymologically probably identical to 弟 q.v.

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 4654

Karlgren code: 0591 d

Character: 娩

Modern (Beijing) reading: wǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)arʔ

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)án

Western Han Chinese: m(h)án

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)wán

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)wán

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)wǝ́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)wǝ́n

Middle Chinese: mǝ́n

English meaning : to give birth

Russian meaning[s]: мягкий; приветливый; послушный; [miǎn] разрешиться от бремени

Comments: A later (LZ) meaning is "complaisant, mild". The character also has a dialectal MC reading mén (Pek. miǎn).

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 7576

Karlgren code: 0222 g

Character: 娥

Modern (Beijing) reading: é

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)āj

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)āj

Western Han Chinese: ŋ(h)āj

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ(h)ǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)ā

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)ā

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)ā

Middle Chinese: ŋâ

English meaning : graceful [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) прелестный, прекрасный; 2) Э (фамилия)

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 6773

Karlgren code: 0002 i-j

Character: 娌

Modern (Beijing) reading: lǐ

Russian meaning[s]: 妯娌 невестки; жены братьев

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 437

Character: 娉

Modern (Beijing) reading: pīng

Preclassic Old Chinese: pheŋs

Classic Old Chinese: pheŋh

Western Han Chinese: pheŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: phjeŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: phjèŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phjèŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: phjèŋ

Middle Chinese: phjèŋ

English meaning : to inquire about the name (with a view to marriage) [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 娉婷 изящный, прекрасный

Comments: With the radical 耳 attested already in Shijing (with a more general meaning 'to inquire').

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 4438

Karlgren code: 0839 c

Character: 孫

Modern (Beijing) reading: sūn

Preclassic Old Chinese: sw(h)ǝ̄n

Classic Old Chinese: (s)w̥ǝ̄n

Western Han Chinese: (s)w̥ǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: w̥ǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: swǝ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: swǝ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: swǝ̄n

Middle Chinese: son

English meaning : grandson, descendant

Russian meaning[s]: 1) внук; 2) потомки; 3) побеги растений (при вегетативном размножении); 4) Сунь (фамилия); [sùn xùn] уступать, отклоняться; см. 遜

Shuowen gloss: 子之子曰孫.從系子.系續也.

Comments: The OC reconstruction presents some problems. MC son would normally presuppose OC *sūn - and this is the more or less commonly accepted reconstruction (see Schüssler 592 *suǝn, Baxter 790 *sun etc.). However, the word rhymes only with non-labialised *-ǝn or *-an in Shijing, which seems to favour a reconstruction like *sw(h)ǝ̄n in OC. This must be, then, a case of irregular development *sw(h)- > s(w)- in the 1st division in MC (normally *xon would be expected). Shuowen regards 系 in 孫 as a semantic element, but it may in fact be phonetic - cf. its use in 鯀 *kwǝ̄n.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 39

Four-angle index: 8296

Karlgren code: 0434 a-c

Jianchuan Bai: suã4

Dali Bai: sua4

Bijiang Bai: sõ4

Shijing occurrences: 5.1, 24.2, 24.3_, 31.2

Character: 宰

Modern (Beijing) reading: zǎi

Preclassic Old Chinese: cǝ̄ʔ (~ ć-)

Classic Old Chinese: cǝ̄́

Western Han Chinese: cǝ̄́

Eastern Han Chinese: cǝ̄́

Early Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄́

Late Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄́j

Middle Chinese: cл́j

English meaning : steward, chamberlain, minister

Russian meaning[s]: 1) канцлер, первый министр; правитель; распорядитель; распоряжаться; 2) убивать, резать (животных); 3) обирать, обманывать; 4) Цзай (фамилия)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 40

Four-angle index: 2431

Karlgren code: 0965 b-d

Character: 害

Modern (Beijing) reading: hài

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghāts

Classic Old Chinese: ghāć

Western Han Chinese: ɣāś

Eastern Han Chinese: ɣāś

Early Postclassic Chinese: ɣāś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ɣā̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: ɣā̀j

Middle Chinese: ɣầj

English meaning : to harm, injure; harm, injury

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вред, ущерб; бедствие; порок; пагубный, вредный; вредить; губить; погубить, извести; 2) завидовать; 3) препятствовать, мешать; 4) важный стратегический пункт; 5) подвергнуться (чему-л.) неприятному; [hé] древн. кто?; какой?; почему?; почему не?.., вм. 曷

Shuowen gloss: 傷也.從**口.言從家起也.**聲.

Comments: Initial *gh- is reconstructed because the character is frequently used as a loan for 曷 *ghāt "interrogative pronoun" (q.v.).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 40

Four-angle index: 1324

Karlgren code: 0314 a-b

Vietnamese reading: hại

Shijing occurrences: 2.3, 39.3_, 44.2_

Character: 家

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiā

Preclassic Old Chinese: krā

Classic Old Chinese: krā

Western Han Chinese: krā

Eastern Han Chinese: krǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄

Late Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄

Middle Chinese: kạ

English meaning : house, household, family

Russian meaning[s]: 1) семья, семейство; дом; домашний, семейный; 2) дом, дома; жилище; 3) торговый дом; магазин; 4) школа; основоположник школы; 5) профессия, специальность; специалист; суффикс специальностей, профессий; 6) мой (только о старших родственниках); 7) суффикс собирательности (только о людях); 8) суффикс наречий, вм. 價; 9) Цзя (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 居也.從**.豭省聲. [337]

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 40

Four-angle index: 5594

Karlgren code: 0032 a

Jianchuan Bai: ?xa3-,-xo3

Dali Bai: ?xo3

Bijiang Bai: ?-xo2

Shijing occurrences: 6.1_, 6.3, 17.2, 17.3

Character: 宴

Modern (Beijing) reading: yàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔēnʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ʔḗn

Western Han Chinese: ʔjā́n

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔiā́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔiḗn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔiḗn

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔiḗn

Middle Chinese: ʔíen

English meaning : be at ease, rest, feast

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пир; банкет; парадный обед; пировать; чествовать; угощать; 2) отдых, покой; отдыхать; безделье; праздный; 3) радоваться; радость

Comments: = 燕 q.v. Also read *ʔēnʔ-s, MC ʔìen (FQ 於甸) (whence Pek. yàn) id.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 40

Four-angle index: 8826

Karlgren code: 0253 b-c

Shijing occurrences: 35.2, 35.3, 35.6

Character: 宮

Modern (Beijing) reading: gōng

Preclassic Old Chinese: kuŋ

Classic Old Chinese: kuŋ

Western Han Chinese: kǝuŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: kǝuŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kɨuŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kuŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kuŋ

Middle Chinese: küŋ

English meaning : palace, mansion

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дворец; двор; замок; 2) монастырь, храм; 3) 1-я ступень китайской гаммы; 4) 1/12 часть окружности; 5) Гун (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 室也.從**.躬省聲.凡宮之屬皆從宮. [342]

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 40

Four-angle index: 1452

Karlgren code: 1006 a-d

Vietnamese reading: cung

Shijing occurrences: 13.2_, 48.1_, 48.2_, 48.3_, 50.1_, 57.1

Character: 宵

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiāo

Preclassic Old Chinese: saw

Classic Old Chinese: saw

Western Han Chinese: saw

Eastern Han Chinese: sjaw

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjew

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjew

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjew

Middle Chinese: sjew

English meaning : night

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ночь; темнота; 2) маленький

Comments: Also used in the compound 宵遙 *saw-Ław 'be at ease, take one's ease'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 40

Four-angle index: 3596

Karlgren code: 1149 h-i

Shijing occurrences: 21.1, 21.2

Character: 容

Modern (Beijing) reading: róng

Preclassic Old Chinese: loŋ

Classic Old Chinese: loŋ

Western Han Chinese: loŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: źoŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: źoŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: joŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: joŋ

Middle Chinese: jöuŋ

English meaning : be generous, indulge; treat generously, with generosity; to refine, adorn

Comments: Also used for homonymous *loŋ 'ceremonial knife' and *loŋ 'to contain, hold'. The word also means '(what is contained) > interior, inside', and Viet. lòng may be an archaic (Han time) loan from this source; standard Sino-Viet. is dung.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 1187 a

Vietnamese reading: lòng

Character: 宸

Modern (Beijing) reading: chén

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)ǝr

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)ǝn

Western Han Chinese: d(h)ǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́(h)ǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)in

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)in

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)in

Middle Chinese: ʒ́in

English meaning : roof [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дальние покои; внутренние помещения; 2) царский дворец; 3) императорский, высочайший

Radical: 40

Four-angle index: 5653

Karlgren code: 0455 k

Character: 射

Modern (Beijing) reading: shè

Preclassic Old Chinese: liaks

Classic Old Chinese: liah

Western Han Chinese: liah

Eastern Han Chinese: źäh

Early Postclassic Chinese: źà

Middle Postclassic Chinese: źà

Late Postclassic Chinese: źà

Middle Chinese: źà

English meaning : to shoot

Russian meaning[s]: стрелять; стрельба; стрелять из лука; [shè shí] 1) брызгать; выбрасывать; метать; 2) гоняться за..., охотиться за (выгодой); 3) древн. надоесть, наскучить; 4) указать аллегорически (иносказательно) (напр. игрой слов, литературным намеком)

Comments: Also read *liak, MC źek (FQ 食亦) id. Sometimes used as a loan for 斁 *Łiak 'be satiated', due to phonetic similarity.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 41

Four-angle index: 3144

Karlgren code: 0807 a-d

Go-on: ziya

Kan-on: siya

Japanese reading: sha;iru

Vietnamese reading: xạ

Jianchuan Bai: cõ2

Dali Bai: co2

Bijiang Bai: ṭo2

Character: 屑

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiè

Preclassic Old Chinese: sīt

Classic Old Chinese: sīt

Western Han Chinese: sjǝ̄t

Eastern Han Chinese: siǝ̄t

Early Postclassic Chinese: siēt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: siēt

Late Postclassic Chinese: siēt

Middle Chinese: siet

English meaning : small piece, crumb

Russian meaning[s]: 1) обломки; опилки; мелочи; размельчать, разбивать; 2) тонкий, детальный; перен. нудный; 3) не побрезговать, не погнушаться; 4) мыть; чистый; 5) легкий; 6) 9-е число (в телеграммах)

Comments: The basic meaning ('small piece, crumb; to reduce to crumbs') is attested only since Late Zhou. The character is frequently used in the phrase 不屑 'to consider not (even as) a crumb' = 'to slight, not take into account'. Schüssler regards 屑 in Shi 35.2 as a loan for 悉 *sit 'all, at all', which is rather dubious.

Radical: 44

Four-angle index: 3595

Shijing occurrences: 35.3, 47.2

Character: 展

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: tranʔ

Classic Old Chinese: trán

Western Han Chinese: ṭán

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭán

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭén

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭén

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭén

Middle Chinese: ṭén

English meaning : true, indeed

Russian meaning[s]: 1) развернуть, раскрыть; 2) расширять; распространять; растягивать; расправлять; 3) вникать; осматривать; посетить, наведаться, навестить; 4) записывать, протоколировать; 5) смачивать, вм. 沾; 6) Чжань (фамилия)

Comments: Also used for *tran-s, MC ṭèn 'a robe' (thus in Shi 47.3).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 44

Four-angle index: 5633

Karlgren code: 0201 a

Shijing occurrences: 33.2, 47.3_