Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 恣

Modern (Beijing) reading: zì

Russian meaning[s]: распуститься, дать себе волю; разнузданный

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8454

Character: 恥

Modern (Beijing) reading: chǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: snrǝʔ

Classic Old Chinese: n̥rǝ́

Western Han Chinese: n̥̣ǝ́

Eastern Han Chinese: ń̥̣ǝ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭhɨ́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭhɨ́

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭhɨ́

Middle Chinese: ṭhɨ́

English meaning : be ashamed; shame

Russian meaning[s]: стыд; стыдиться; позор; позорить

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8336

Karlgren code: 0959 a

Vietnamese reading: si`

Character: 恐

Modern (Beijing) reading: kǒng

Preclassic Old Chinese: khoŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: khóŋ

Western Han Chinese: khóŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: khóŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: khóŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khóŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: khóŋ

Middle Chinese: khö́uŋ

English meaning : to be afraid, fear

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бояться, страшиться; 2) пугать, запугивать, терроризировать; 3) боюсь, что...; пожалуй; может быть; вероятно

Comments: Also read *khoŋʔ-s, MC khö̀uŋ (FQ 區用) id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8492

Karlgren code: 1172 |d ́

Shijing occurrences: 35.5

Character: 恕

Modern (Beijing) reading: shù

Preclassic Old Chinese: snas

Classic Old Chinese: n̥ah

Western Han Chinese: n̥ah

Eastern Han Chinese: ń̥ah

Early Postclassic Chinese: śò

Middle Postclassic Chinese: śò

Late Postclassic Chinese: śò

Middle Chinese: śö̀

English meaning : generous, indulgent; loyal [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: относиться снисходительно; извинять, прощать

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8368

Karlgren code: 0094 t

Character: 恭

Modern (Beijing) reading: gōng

Preclassic Old Chinese: kōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: kōŋ

Western Han Chinese: kōŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: kōŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kōŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kōŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwōŋ

Middle Chinese: kuŋ

English meaning : to respect

Russian meaning[s]: 1) почитать, уважать; почтительно, с уважением; 2) испражнения; 3) Гун (фамилия)

Comments: Also read *koŋ, MC köüŋ id.; there is also an aberrant MC reading koŋ.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8328

Karlgren code: 1182 l

Character: 恩

Modern (Beijing) reading: ēn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔǝ̄n

Classic Old Chinese: ʔǝ̄n

Western Han Chinese: ʔǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔǝ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔǝ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔǝ̄n

Middle Chinese: ʔʌn

English meaning : be kind

Russian meaning[s]: 1) милость; доброта, благодеяние; добрый, милостивый; вежл. Ваш; 2) расположение, любовь; привязанность; благотворительный; даровой; 3) Энь (фамилия)

Comments: In Viet. cf. also a colloquial loan from the same source: o'n 'favour'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8405

Karlgren code: 0370 j

Vietnamese reading: ân

Character: 息

Modern (Beijing) reading: xí

Preclassic Old Chinese: sǝk

Classic Old Chinese: sǝk

Western Han Chinese: sǝk

Eastern Han Chinese: sjǝk

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjɨk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjɨk

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjɨk

Middle Chinese: sjɨk

English meaning : to rest

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дышать; дыхание; перевести дух; отдыхать; отдых; 2) прекратить(ся); остановить(ся); перестать; погасить; погаснуть (об огне); 3) утихомирить, успокоить; уладить (инцидент); 4) прибавление, наращение; 5) дети; потомство; 6) проценты на капитал; 7) новость, известие; 8) счетный суффикс для мыслей

Shuowen gloss: 喘也.從心自. [502]

Comments: The original and more common now meaning is 'to breathe'; but during Early Zhou the word is attested only with the meaning 'to rest'. In Shi 9,1 息 is obviously a miswriting of 思 (*sǝ, as a final particle) under the influence of the preceding character 休 'to rest'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8382

Karlgren code: 0925 a

Shijing occurrences: 9.1, 19.2_

Character: 悄

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: shewʔ

Classic Old Chinese: shéw

Western Han Chinese: shjáw

Eastern Han Chinese: shjáw

Early Postclassic Chinese: shjéw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: shjéw

Late Postclassic Chinese: shjéw

Middle Chinese: chjéw

English meaning : be grieved

Russian meaning[s]: 1) безмолвный, тихий; 2) унылый

Comments: In Viet. cf. also xịu 'to look sullen'. Standard Sino-Viet. is thiê`u.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 3584

Karlgren code: 1149 s

Vietnamese reading: xi`u

Shijing occurrences: 26.4_

Character: 悟

Modern (Beijing) reading: wù

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋās

Classic Old Chinese: ŋāh

Western Han Chinese: ŋāh

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋāh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋṑ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋṑ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋṑ

Middle Chinese: ŋò

English meaning : awake, realize

Russian meaning[s]: уразуметь, понять, осознать; очнуться; просветление; заставить осознать; просветить

Comments: For *ŋ- cf. Xiamen ŋɔ⁶, Chaozhou ŋo⁴, Fuzhou ŋuo⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 1217

Karlgren code: 0058 j

Character: 悚

Modern (Beijing) reading: sǒng

Preclassic Old Chinese: soŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: sóŋ

Western Han Chinese: sóŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: sjóŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjóŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjóŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjóŋ

Middle Chinese: sjöúŋ

English meaning : to fear [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: испугаться; затрепетать; [sóng] бран. трус; размазня

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 5391

Karlgren code: 1222 m

Character: 悍

Modern (Beijing) reading: hàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)āns

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ānh

Western Han Chinese: gānh (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gānh (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gā̀n (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gā̀n (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gā̀n (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣần

English meaning : violent [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) наглый; дерзкий; буйный; 2) отважный; 3) злой

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 2361

Karlgren code: 0139 |h ́

Character: 悔

Modern (Beijing) reading: huì

Preclassic Old Chinese: smǝ̄ʔ

Classic Old Chinese: m̥ǝ̄́

Western Han Chinese: m̥ǝ̄́

Eastern Han Chinese: m̥ǝ̄́

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄́

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄́j

Middle Chinese: xój

English meaning : to regret, repent

Russian meaning[s]: раскаиваться, сожалеть; раскаяние, сожаление; исправлять свои ошибки; [huǐ] несчастливый; несчастный, см. 晦

Comments: Also read OC *smǝ̄ʔ-s, MC xòj (FQ 荒內) id.; 'dark, obscure' (cf. 每 *m(h)ǝ̄ʔ).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 4764

Karlgren code: 0947 s

Vietnamese reading: hối

Shijing occurrences: 22.1_

Character: 悌

Modern (Beijing) reading: tì

Preclassic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ǝ̄jʔs

Classic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ǝ̄jh

Western Han Chinese: lǝ̄jh (~ Łh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄ś

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄ś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: dìej

English meaning : respectful towards elder brothers, fraternal [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) уважать старшего брата; уважать старших; уважение к старшим; смирение; 2) радостный; непринужденный

Comments: Obviously derived from 弟 *Ł(h)ǝ̄jʔ q.v.; modern t- is irregular.

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 4650

Karlgren code: 0591 f

Character: 悅

Modern (Beijing) reading: yuè

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łot

Classic Old Chinese: Łwat

Western Han Chinese: lwat

Eastern Han Chinese: źwat

Early Postclassic Chinese: źwet

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jwet

Late Postclassic Chinese: jwet

Middle Chinese: jwet

English meaning : to delight in, be pleased

Russian meaning[s]: 1) радоваться; радостный, довольный; 2) радовать; быть приятным (напр. для глаза, на вкус и т. д.); 3) охотно подчиняться, слушаться; уважать; 4) Юе (фамилия)

Comments: During Early Zhou usually written as 說 q.v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 7396

Karlgren code: 0324 o

Shijing occurrences: 14.2_

Character: 悖

Modern (Beijing) reading: bèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: bǝ̄ts

Classic Old Chinese: bǝ̄ć

Western Han Chinese: bǝ̄ś

Eastern Han Chinese: bǝ̄ś

Early Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄ś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: bòj

English meaning : be disorderly, silly

Russian meaning[s]: идти против, действовать вопреки; строптивый, непокорный, см. 背; беспорядки; бунтовать

Comments: Also read MC bot, OC *bǝ̄t id. For *b cf. Fuzhou puoi⁶, Jianou po⁸.

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 3063

Karlgren code: 0491 d

Character: 扇

Modern (Beijing) reading: shàn shān

Preclassic Old Chinese: hen hens

Classic Old Chinese: hen

Western Han Chinese: hjan

Eastern Han Chinese: hjan

Early Postclassic Chinese: hjen

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hjen

Late Postclassic Chinese: hjen

Middle Chinese: śen śèn

English meaning : to fan [L. Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) веер; 2) створка двери; счетный суффикс дверей, окон, створок; 3) холостить (животных); [shān] 1) обвевать, обмахиваться веером; веять; 2) подстрекать, возбуждать

Comments: The word *xen 'to fan' is actually attested since Han; but already since L. Zhou a derivate *xen-s, MC śèn (FQ 式戰), Pek. shàn 'fan' was attested. The initial *x- is not quite secure here: it is based on Shuowen's determining here 翅 *xe-s as phonetic.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 63

Four-angle index: 3324

Karlgren code: 0212 a

Go-on: sen

Kan-on: sen

Japanese reading: sen;ōgi;tobira;aogu;aoru

Character: 拳

Modern (Beijing) reading: quán

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghʷren

Classic Old Chinese: ghwren

Western Han Chinese: ghwrjan

Eastern Han Chinese: ghwran

Early Postclassic Chinese: ghwen

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ghwen

Late Postclassic Chinese: ghwen

Middle Chinese: gwen

English meaning : fist; strength

Russian meaning[s]: кулак; сжимать(ся) в кулак; бить кулаком; боксировать; бокс

Comments: Schüssler (p. 500) thinks that the word is the same as 卷 *ghʷren 'be bent, curved, curled' q.v. ("what is curled" = "fist"), which is dubious. For *ghʷ- cf. Xiamen khuŋ², Chaozhou khuŋ², Longdu khian².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 3281

Karlgren code: 0226 g

Vietnamese reading: quyền

Character: 挈

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiè

Preclassic Old Chinese: khēt

Classic Old Chinese: khēt

Western Han Chinese: khjāt

Eastern Han Chinese: khiāt

Early Postclassic Chinese: khiēt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khiēt

Late Postclassic Chinese: khiēt

Middle Chinese: khiet

English meaning : to lift [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) поднимать; вытаскивать; 2) вести за собой, возглавлять; 3) упорядочить, наладить

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 3273

Karlgren code: 0279 c

Character: 拿

Modern (Beijing) reading: ná

English meaning : see 挪

Russian meaning[s]: 1) брать, взять; хватать, хвататься за...; 2) держать в руках, нести; 3) схватить, арестовать, взять под стражу; 4) перед сказуемым а) вводит инструментальное дополнение, вм. 用 (переводится обычно в творительном падеже); б) вводит прямое дополнение, вм. 把 (переводится обычно в винительном падеже)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 3265

Character: 捎

Modern (Beijing) reading: shāo

Preclassic Old Chinese: sēw

Classic Old Chinese: sēw

Western Han Chinese: sjāw

Eastern Han Chinese: siāw

Early Postclassic Chinese: siēw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: siēw

Late Postclassic Chinese: siēw

Middle Chinese: siew

English meaning : to eliminate [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) отнять, унести; 2) косить, срезать; убивать; 3) сев. диал. посылать, отправлять (письмо); 4) быть вовлеченным (напр. в аферу); [shào] 1) поливать; оросить [дождем]; 2) подсмотреть; бросить взгляд украдкой; 3) отойти, податься назад

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 3587

Karlgren code: 1149 x