Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 挾

Modern (Beijing) reading: xié

Preclassic Old Chinese: gēp

Classic Old Chinese: gēp

Western Han Chinese: gjāp

Eastern Han Chinese: giāp

Early Postclassic Chinese: giēp

Middle Postclassic Chinese: giēp

Late Postclassic Chinese: giēp

English meaning : to encompass, embrace

Russian meaning[s]: 1) взять подмышку, нести подмышкой; держать (поддерживать) с двух сторон; 2) кичиться (чем-л.); 3) спрятать, присвоить; 4) помогать, поддерживать; [jiá] 1) постигнуть, дойти; 2) промокнуть, вм. 浹; 3) держать, вм. 夾

Comments: For *g- cf. Xiamen kiaʔ⁸, Chaozhou koiʔ⁸, kiap⁸, Fuzhou kek⁸, Jianou kie⁶. Parallel readings: MC ciep, modern jiā are not quite clear.

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 4999

Karlgren code: 0630 l

Character: 振

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhèn

Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝrs

Classic Old Chinese: tǝnh

Western Han Chinese: tǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćìn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćìn

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćìn

Middle Chinese: ćìn

English meaning : to shake, rouse, alarm; to marshal

Russian meaning[s]: 1) трясти, потрясать, см. 震; 2) возбуждать; воодушевлять; воспрянуть; приводить в движение; 3) спасать; помогать, оказывать материальную помощь, вм. 賑; 4) вытащить, извлечь; поднять; привести в порядок; 5) открывать, вскрывать; 6) бить, сбивать; 7) остановить; 8) Чжэнь (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 舉救也.從手.辰聲.一曰奮也. [603]

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *tǝr-s 'from' (?) (Shi 290,8), as well as for *tǝr (MC ćin, FQ JY 之人, Pek. zhēn) 'be numerous, in a flock; majestic'. In both meanings can be also written as 震. The meaning 'to hold up' given in Shuowen is attested only since Han.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 5639

Karlgren code: 0455 p

Shijing occurrences: 5.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3

Character: 捕

Modern (Beijing) reading: bǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)ās

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)āh

Western Han Chinese: b(h)āh

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)āh

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)ṑ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)ṑ

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)ṑ

Middle Chinese: bò

English meaning : seize [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: схватить, задержать, арестовать; полицейский; сыщик

Comments: Modern 3d tone is irregular. For *b cf. Xiamen pɔ⁶, Fuzhou puo⁶, Chaozhou pu⁴.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 3653

Karlgren code: 0102 |j ́

Character: 捂

Modern (Beijing) reading: wǔ

Russian meaning[s]: 1) противиться, сопротивляться; отбивать(ся); столкнуться; 2) поддерживать; держаться, держать

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 1221

Character: 捆

Modern (Beijing) reading: kǔn

Preclassic Old Chinese: khūnʔ

Classic Old Chinese: khwǝ̄́n

Western Han Chinese: khwǝ̄́n

Eastern Han Chinese: khwǝ̄́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: khwǝ̄́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khwǝ̄́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: khwǝ̄́n

Middle Chinese: kón

English meaning : to beat, to pound

Russian meaning[s]: 1) связывать, обвязывать (веревками); привязывать; плести; 2) кипа, тюк, вьюк

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 1873

Karlgren code: 0420 d

Character: 捏

Modern (Beijing) reading: niē

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мять; лепить; формовать; 2) измышлять; подделывать; фабриковать; 3) брать в щепоть

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 108

Character: 捉

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhuō

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćrōk

Classic Old Chinese: crōk

Western Han Chinese: c̣ōk

Eastern Han Chinese: c̣ōk

Early Postclassic Chinese: c̣ọ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: c̣ọ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: c̣ọ̄k

Middle Chinese: c̣ạuk

English meaning : to grasp; hold in the hand [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) схватить, поймать; 2) воспользоваться (удобным случаем), улучить (минуту)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 5839

Karlgren code: 1219 e

Character: 挺

Modern (Beijing) reading: tǐng

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łhēŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: Łhḗŋ

Western Han Chinese: Łhḗŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: lhiḗŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhiḗŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhiḗŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhiḗŋ

Middle Chinese: díeŋ

English meaning : to pull out; stick out [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вытащить, выдвинуть; 2) выпрямиться, вытянуться; 3) выдержать, стерпеть; 4) прямой, непреклонный; 5) очень, исключительно, весьма; 6) выдающийся

Comments: For *Łh cf. Yilan thãĩ⁶. Also used for *ƛhēŋʔ, MC thíeŋ 'straight' (whence the generalized modern reading tǐng).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 6637

Karlgren code: 0835 i

Character: 捐

Modern (Beijing) reading: juān

Preclassic Old Chinese: wen

Classic Old Chinese: wen

Western Han Chinese: wjan

Eastern Han Chinese: źwan

Early Postclassic Chinese: źwen

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jwen

Late Postclassic Chinese: jwen

Middle Chinese: jwen

English meaning : to sacrifice, to subscribe, to leave (smth. to smb.) [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пожертвовать, подписаться; пожертвование; 2) обложение, налоги; поборы; 3) отбросить [как ненужное]; оставить; отказаться от...; покинуть; 4) покупать чины

Comments: Mand. juān and Sino-Viet. quyên reflect a form like MC *kjwen - probably secondary, under the influence of other characters (cf. �, 娟 etc.).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 3530

Karlgren code: 0228 g

Vietnamese reading: quyên

Character: 挽

Modern (Beijing) reading: wǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: marʔ

Classic Old Chinese: mán

Western Han Chinese: mán

Eastern Han Chinese: mwán

Early Postclassic Chinese: mwán

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mwǝ́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: mwǝ́n

Middle Chinese: mwǝ́n

English meaning : to pull [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сильно тащить; энергично тянуть; натягивать (лук); 2) закручивать, засучивать; 3) оплакивать покойника; траурный, см. 輓

Comments: For *m cf. Xiamen buan³, Chaozhou maŋ³.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 7574

Character: 挪

Modern (Beijing) reading: nuó

Preclassic Old Chinese: nār (~ -j)

Classic Old Chinese: nān

Western Han Chinese: nān

Eastern Han Chinese: nān

Early Postclassic Chinese: nān

Middle Postclassic Chinese: nān

Late Postclassic Chinese: nān

Middle Chinese: nâ

English meaning : to move, bring [Tang]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) переносить; переезжать; передвигать(ся), перемещаться; 2) сокр. Норвегия

Comments: The Chinese word is attested quite late, and its origin is rather obscure; note that simultaneously late a similar word, 拿 Mand. ná 'to take, carry, bring' is attested (without any MC prototype). For *n- cf. Min forms: Xiamen lo², Chaozhou no², Fuzhou, Jianou nɔ².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 2192

Vietnamese reading: na

Jianchuan Bai: ne6

Dali Bai: ne6-

Character: 挫

Modern (Beijing) reading: cuò

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćōjs

Classic Old Chinese: cwājh

Western Han Chinese: cwājh

Eastern Han Chinese: cwǟh

Early Postclassic Chinese: cwā̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cwā̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: cwā̀

Middle Chinese: cwầ

English meaning : to menace, intimidate [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) осадить; сломить; унизить, грубо обойтись; 2) потерпеть неудачу; неудача

Comments: Also read *ʒ́ōj-s, MC ʒwầ, Mand. zuò 'to get hold, capture' (L.Zhou). Regular Sino-Viet. is to`a. Modern Pek. cuò is irregular.

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 281

Karlgren code: 0012 c

Vietnamese reading: dọa

Character: 挨

Modern (Beijing) reading: āi ái

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔrǝ̄ʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ʔrǝ̄́

Western Han Chinese: ʔrǝ̄́

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔrǝ̄́

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔǝ̣̄́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔiǝ̣̄́

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔiǝ̣̄́j

Middle Chinese: ʔạ̈́j

English meaning : to hit, push

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тесно, близко; рядом; 2) пробиваться, протискиваться; бить, толкать; 3) согласно; по- (префикс); 4) тереться; чесаться; 5) отсрочить, отложить; 6) быть в любовной связи; [ái] 1) подвергаться, переносить; 2) формант пассива; 3) давить, тесниться; 4) около, по соседству

Comments: Attested since Late Zhou. Also read *ʔǝ̄ʔ, MC ʔл́j (FQ 於改) id.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 5058

Karlgren code: 0938 c

Go-on: e

Kan-on: ai

Japanese reading: e;ai;semaru

Character: 捍

Modern (Beijing) reading: hàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: gāns

Classic Old Chinese: gānh

Western Han Chinese: gānh

Eastern Han Chinese: gānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: gā̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gā̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: gā̀n

Middle Chinese: ɣần

English meaning : ward off; arm protection

Russian meaning[s]: 1) см. 扞; 2) твердый; 3) жестокий

Comments: cf. 干.

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 2362

Karlgren code: 0139 |i ́

Character: 捌

Modern (Beijing) reading: bā

Preclassic Old Chinese: prāt

Classic Old Chinese: prāt

Western Han Chinese: prāt

Eastern Han Chinese: prāt

Early Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄t

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄t

Late Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄t

Middle Chinese: pạ̣t

English meaning : an agricultural instrument; to break, split

Russian meaning[s]: 1) восемь (прописная цифра); 2) сломать; порвать; отдирать

Comments: Attested since Han. Also read MC pạ̈t (FQ 博拔) - obviously a dialectal development of the same OC word.

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 2872

Character: 效

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiào

Preclassic Old Chinese: grāws

Classic Old Chinese: grāwh

Western Han Chinese: grāwh

Eastern Han Chinese: grāwh

Early Postclassic Chinese: gạ̄̀w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gạ̄̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: gạ̄̀w

Middle Chinese: ɣạ̀w

English meaning : to imitate

Russian meaning[s]: 1) результат, эффект; 2) стараться, отдавать все силы; 3) подражать, копировать; 4) передавать; 5) 19-е число (в телеграммах)

Comments: Also written as 傚 in E.Zhou. A later meaning (derived from 'imitate'?) is 'to give results, be effective'. The word is probably related to 交 *krāw-s 'to compare' (q.v.).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6242

Karlgren code: 1166 r-t, v

Vietnamese reading: hiệu

Character: 敉

Modern (Beijing) reading: mǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)ejʔ

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)é

Western Han Chinese: m(h)é

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)jé

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)jé

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)jé

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)jé

Middle Chinese: mjé

English meaning : to complete, fulfill

Russian meaning[s]: 1) успокаивать, усмирять; 2) устроить, упорядочить

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6237

Karlgren code: 0598 h-j

Character: 料

Modern (Beijing) reading: liào

Preclassic Old Chinese: rēws

Classic Old Chinese: rēwh

Western Han Chinese: rjāwh

Eastern Han Chinese: riāwh

Early Postclassic Chinese: liḕw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: liḕw

Late Postclassic Chinese: liḕw

Middle Chinese: lìew

English meaning : measurement, measure; material [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) измерять, исчислять; считать, рассчитывать; мера, количество; 2) соображать; предвидеть, предполагать; предположительно; 3) распоряжаться, хозяйничать; 4) материал; фураж; кормовой; 5) цветное стекло, имитация под драгоценный камень; 6) бран. негодник

Comments: Also read *rēw, MC liew id. (whence Viet. liều 'dose (of medicine)'). The earliest attestation of the character is in Zhuangzi, where it is used instead of 撩 *rēw 'to pull, push' (q.v.). For *r cf. Xiamen liau⁶, Chaozhou liǝu⁶, Fuzhou lau⁶, Jianou liau⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 119

Four-angle index: 2659

Vietnamese reading: liệu

Character: 旁

Modern (Beijing) reading: páng

Preclassic Old Chinese: bhāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: bhāŋ

Western Han Chinese: bhāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: bhāŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: bhāŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bhāŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: bhāŋ

Middle Chinese: bwâŋ

English meaning : side; on all sides, everywhere

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бок, сторона, обочина; 2) послелог около, возле; у, при; 3) другой, посторонний, прочий; 4) клониться к...; близиться к...; прислониться; 5) широкий

Comments: Also read *bhāŋ-s, MC bwầŋ, mod. bàŋ bhāŋ 'to go side by side; companion'. Also written as 傍 and 徬. For *bh- cf. Chaozhou phaŋ², Longdu phoŋ² (Fuzhou phaŋ⁶ also reflects *bh-, but has an aberrant reflex of the rising tone).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 70

Four-angle index: 4237

Karlgren code: 0740 |f ́-i ́

Character: 旅

Modern (Beijing) reading: lǚ

Preclassic Old Chinese: raʔ

Classic Old Chinese: rá

Western Han Chinese: rá

Eastern Han Chinese: rá

Early Postclassic Chinese: ló

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ló

Late Postclassic Chinese: ló

Middle Chinese: lö́

English meaning : to line up in a row, set forth, display; batallions (soldiers, workers), troops, cohorts, servants, multitude, file; colonnades

Russian meaning[s]: 1) воен. бригада; бригадный; войско, армия; древн. отряд в 500 человек; 2) путешествовать; проживать временно (напр. на чужбине); останавливаться на постой; 3) путешественник; чужестранец; 4) толпой, всей массой; все; вместе, сообща; множество; 5) позвоночник, спинной хребет, вм. 膂

Comments: Used also for homonymous *raʔ 'buffcoat' and *raʔ 'to lodge'. For *r- cf. Min forms: Xiamen lu³, Chaozhou li³, Fuzhou, Jianou lü³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 70

Four-angle index: 5670

Karlgren code: 0077 a-e