Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 梳

Modern (Beijing) reading: shū

Preclassic Old Chinese: sra

Classic Old Chinese: sra

Western Han Chinese: ṣa

Eastern Han Chinese: ṣa

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṣo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṣo

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṣo

Middle Chinese: ṣö

English meaning : comb [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: гребень; расчесывать (волосы)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 7610

Jianchuan Bai: sü4, sü3

Dali Bai: -sü5, sü3

Bijiang Bai: šü4-, šü3

Character: 栗

Modern (Beijing) reading: lì

Preclassic Old Chinese: rhit

Classic Old Chinese: rhit

Western Han Chinese: rhjǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: rhjǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: lhjit

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lhjit

Late Postclassic Chinese: lhjit

Middle Chinese: lit

English meaning : chestnut (Castanea mollissima)

Comments: For *rh- cf. Xiamen lik⁷, Fuzhou lek⁷. During LZ used for a homonymous *r(h)it 'solid, compact, dense'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0403 a-c

Shijing occurrences: 50.1_

Character: 桌

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhuō

Russian meaning[s]: стол, см. 棹

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 5201

Character: 桑

Modern (Beijing) reading: sāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: sāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: sāŋ

Western Han Chinese: sāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: sāŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: sāŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sāŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: sāŋ

Middle Chinese: sâŋ

English meaning : mulberry (either Morus nigra or alba)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тутовое дерево (Morus bombysis); 2) Сан (фамилия)

Comments: Also used in a compound 桑扈 *sāŋ-g(h)āʔ 'name of a bird'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 5251

Karlgren code: 0704 a

Shijing occurrences: 48.1, 48.2, 48.3, 50.2_, 50.3, 58.3, 58.4

Character: 栽

Modern (Beijing) reading: zāi

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́(h)ǝ̄s (~ -ks)

Classic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)ǝ̄h

Western Han Chinese: ʒ(h)ǝ̄h

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ(h)ǝ̄h

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)ǝ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)ǝ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)ǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: ʒл̀j

English meaning : to board, erect building frames

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сажать, выращивать, культивировать [растения]; рассада; 2) заложить основы; 3) обр. упасть, повалиться; свалиться; попасть в...

Comments: The character also has readings *ćǝ̄, *ʒ́ǝ̄ (MC cлj, ʒлj) 'to plant', but it is not quite clear how they are related.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 6824

Karlgren code: 0943 y

Character: 柴

Modern (Beijing) reading: chái

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́(h)rēj

Classic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)rē

Western Han Chinese: ʒ̣(h)ē

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ̣(h)iē

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ̣(h)iẹ̄j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ̣(h)iẹ̄j

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ̣(h)iẹ̄j

Middle Chinese: ʒ̣ạ̈

English meaning : burnt-offering

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дрова; хворост; растопка, лучина; 2) изгородь; 3) запереться; стеречь, охранять (вход); 4) худой, тощий; 5) Чай (фамилия)

Comments: Also used for *ćej-s (MC cjè, Pek. zì), *ʒ́ej-s (MC ʒjè, Pek. zì) 'accumulate, heap'. Since Late Zhou the character was also used for *ʒ́(h)rēj-s, MC ʒ̣ạ̈̀ (reading from Jiyun), Mand. zhài, Viet. trại 'paling, palisade, camp'. Since Han, however, this meaning started being transcribed either as 砦 or as 寨. Both characters are glossed as ʒ̣ạ̀j in Guangyun - which is obviously a case of confusion between the finals -ạ̈j and -ạj in MC.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 5262

Karlgren code: 0358 x

Vietnamese reading: sài

Character: 桐

Modern (Beijing) reading: tóng

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łhōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: Łhōŋ

Western Han Chinese: Łhōŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: lhōŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhōŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhōŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhwōŋ

Middle Chinese: duŋ

English meaning : empress tree (Paulownia tomentosa)

Russian meaning[s]: бот. тунг (Aleurites cordata)

Comments: Also used in the compound 梧桐 *ŋ(h)ā-Łhōŋ 'a k. of plane tree (Firmiana plantanifolia)'. For *Łh- cf. Xiamen thaŋ², Chaozhou thaŋ², thoŋ², Fuzhou thöŋ².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 3784

Karlgren code: 1176 e-f

Shijing occurrences: 50.1

Character: 桀

Modern (Beijing) reading: jié

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)rat

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)rat

Western Han Chinese: g(h)rat

Eastern Han Chinese: g(h)rat

Early Postclassic Chinese: g(h)et

Middle Postclassic Chinese: g(h)et

Late Postclassic Chinese: g(h)et

Middle Chinese: get

English meaning : a perch for fowls

Russian meaning[s]: 1) жестокий, деспотический; злодей, тиран; 2) герой, храбрец; храбрый, см. 傑; 3) насест; 4) нести на коромысле; 5) Цзе (фамилия)

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *g(h)rat 'remarkable, surpassing, hero'; for *krat (MC ket, Pek. jie) 'high'.

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 5220

Karlgren code: 0284 a

Character: 格

Modern (Beijing) reading: gé

Preclassic Old Chinese: krāk

Classic Old Chinese: krāk

Western Han Chinese: krāk

Eastern Han Chinese: krāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: kẹ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kẹ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: kẹ̄k

Middle Chinese: kạ̈ik

English meaning : to come, come to, go to, reach to, attain to

Russian meaning[s]: 1) клетка; графа; линейка; 2) норма, стандарт; образец; требование; 3) подогнать под норму; исправить, выправить; 4) классифицировать; исследовать, постичь природу (чего-л.); 5) растрогать; искренний, честный; 6) противиться; биться врукопашную; драться

Comments: A later meaning is 'arrival' > 'manner, norm'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 1400

Karlgren code: 0766 z

Vietnamese reading: cách

Character: 桃

Modern (Beijing) reading: táo

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łhāw

Classic Old Chinese: Łhāw

Western Han Chinese: Łhāw

Eastern Han Chinese: lhāw

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhāw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhāw

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhāw

Middle Chinese: dâw

English meaning : peach (Prunus persica); also used in 桃達 "perhaps: be coming and going and seeing each other"

Russian meaning[s]: 1) персиковое дерево; персик; 2) желто-розовый, персиковый; 3) перен. женская любовь; любовная связь; 4) Тао (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 桃果也.從木.兆聲. [239]

Comments: For aspirated *Łh- cf. Min forms: Xiamen, Chaozhou tho², Fuzhou, Jianou thau².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 7527

Karlgren code: 1145 u

Vietnamese reading: d_ào

Jianchuan Bai: ta7

Dali Bai: ta7

Bijiang Bai: to7

Shijing occurrences: 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 24.2

Character: 株

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhū

Preclassic Old Chinese: tro

Classic Old Chinese: tro

Western Han Chinese: ṭwa

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭwa

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭwo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭwo

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭwo

Middle Chinese: ṭü

English meaning : tree root, tree trunk

Russian meaning[s]: 1) комель (нижняя часть ствола); пень; 2) счетный суффикс деревьев; 3) яп. пай, акция

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 5352

Karlgren code: 0128 f

Character: 桅

Modern (Beijing) reading: wéi

Russian meaning[s]: мачта

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 7064

Character: 栓

Modern (Beijing) reading: shuān

Preclassic Old Chinese: shrōn

Classic Old Chinese: shrwān

Western Han Chinese: ṣhwān

Eastern Han Chinese: ṣhwān

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṣhwạ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṣhwạ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṣhwạ̄n

Middle Chinese: ṣwen

English meaning : wooden nail [Tang]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) деревянный гвоздь; шкворень; 2) пробка

Comments: In the specialized meaning ('wooden peg' >) 'latch (of door)' the character is now written as 閂. Viet. then is colloquial; standard Sino-Viet. is thuyên. For *sh cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou chuã⁵, Fuzhou chauŋ⁵ (all forms reflecting a variant *shrōn-s).

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 340

Vietnamese reading: then

Character: 栘

Modern (Beijing) reading: yí

Russian meaning[s]: слива*

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 9999

Character: 桁

Modern (Beijing) reading: héng

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)rāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)rāŋ

Western Han Chinese: grāŋ (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: grēŋ (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gẹ̄ŋ (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gẹ̄ŋ (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gẹ̄ŋ (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣạ̈iŋ

English meaning : wooden lid (to vessels) [LZ]

Comments: Also used for *g(h)āŋ, MC ɣâŋ, Pek. háŋ 'foot fetters'.

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0748 f

Character: 殊

Modern (Beijing) reading: shú

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)o

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)o

Western Han Chinese: d(h)wa

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́(h)wa

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)wo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)wo

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)wo

Middle Chinese: ʒ́ü

English meaning : decidedly, very

Russian meaning[s]: 1) особый, специфический; особенность; отличаться; различие; иной, другой; 2) слишком, чересчур; очень; особо; крайне; совершенно; перед отрицанием: никак; 3) действительно, в самом деле; 4) обезглавить, казнить

Comments: The original meaning "to die, kill" (also "cut off") is attested during LZ.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 78

Four-angle index: 5351

Karlgren code: 0128 s

Character: 殉

Modern (Beijing) reading: xùn

Preclassic Old Chinese: whins

Classic Old Chinese: whinh

Western Han Chinese: whjǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: whjǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: whjìn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: whjìn

Late Postclassic Chinese: whjìn

Middle Chinese: zjwìn

English meaning : to accompany in death, bury alive along with, die for; devote oneself, wholly given up to [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) жертвовать собой; 2) стремиться (к чему-л.); предаваться (чему-л.)

Radical: 78

Four-angle index: 4336

Karlgren code: 0392 g-i

Character: 殷

Modern (Beijing) reading: yīn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔǝr

Classic Old Chinese: ʔǝn

Western Han Chinese: ʔǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔɨn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔɨn

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔɨn

Middle Chinese: ʔɨn

English meaning : to determine

Russian meaning[s]: 1) обильный, роскошный, цветущий, богатый; 2) многочисленный; много, множество; 3) великий; весьма, очень; 4) приветливый, любезный; 5) усердный, заботливый; 6) Инь (название союза племен, иньский период 1401-1122 г. до н. э.); иньский; 7) Инь (фамилия); [yān] темнокрасный, вишневый; [yǐn] грохот грома; грохотать

Comments: Final *-r in this hsieh-sheng series is somewhat uncertain (rhymes are ambiguous), thus *-n is also not excluded. The character is also used for a homonymous *ʔǝr 'a large crowd, in crowds', as well as for the onomatopoeic *ʔǝrʔ (MC ʔɨ́n, FQ JY 倚謹, Pek. yǐn) 'making the sound of thunder'; during L. Zhou it was also applied to OC *ʔrǝ̄n, MC ʔạ̈n (FQ 烏閑), Pek. yān, Go en, Kan an 'dark red'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 79

Four-angle index: 6135

Karlgren code: 0448 a-d

Go-on: on

Kan-on: in

Japanese reading: in;on;en;an;ōi;akai

Shijing occurrences: 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 40.1_

Character: 氣

Modern (Beijing) reading: qì

Preclassic Old Chinese: khǝjs (~ -ts)

Classic Old Chinese: khǝjh

Western Han Chinese: khǝjh

Eastern Han Chinese: khǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: khɨś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khɨ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: khɨ̀j

Middle Chinese: khɨ̀j

English meaning : vapour, odour, steam, gas

Russian meaning[s]: 1) воздух, атмосфера; газ; пар; воздушный, духовой; пневматический; надувной; 2) дыхание; дух; эфир; жизненная сила; 3) настроение; темперамент, характер; нрав; 4) гнев; злость; разозлить(ся); 5) внешний облик; манеры; вкусы; интересы; 6) запах; нюхать; 7) судьба, рок; 8) сезон; погода; 9) компания; группа единомышленников; 10) подносить пищу, см. 餼

Comments: Attested already in Yijing, but absent in Schüssler's dictionary.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 84

Four-angle index: 7637

Karlgren code: 0517 c

Vietnamese reading: khí

Character: 氧

Modern (Beijing) reading: yang

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0